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Ethics + MO Practice Act > Ch. 12 Terminology 1+1=3 or more > Flashcards

Ch. 12 Terminology 1+1=3 or more Flashcards

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1
Q

reproductive system

A

responsible for producing offspring

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2
Q

theriogenology

A

used to describe
animal reproduction or the study of producing beasts

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3
Q

Theri/o, gen/o, -logy

A

beast, producing, study

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4
Q

genitals, genitalia

A

reproductive organs, whether male or female

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5
Q

genit/o

A

organs of reproduction

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6
Q

gonads

A

Sex glands

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7
Q

orch/o , orchi/o , orchid/o , test/o , and testicul/o

A

testes

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8
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

testicle is divided into compartments that contain coiled tubes called

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9
Q

interstitial

A

cells between the spaces are called

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10
Q

Leydig’s cells

A

interstitial cells of the testes are called

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11
Q

Sertoli cells

A

specialized cells in the testes that support and nourish sperm growth

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12
Q

Sperm or spermatozoa

A

male gametes, or sex cells

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13
Q

Spermatozoon

A

is one gamete

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14
Q

sperm/o and spermat/o

A

combining forms for spermatozoa

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15
Q

acrosome

A

top of the head is a structure which contains enzymes that allow the spermatozoon to penetrate the ovum

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16
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

production of male gametes

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17
Q

scrotum or scrotal sac

A

external pouch that encloses and supports the testes

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18
Q

scrot/o

A

scrotum

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19
Q

perineum

A

area between the scrotum and the anus in
males is the

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20
Q

Perine/o

A

combining form for the area between the scrotum
(or vulva in females) and anus

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21
Q

epididymis

A

the tube at the upper part of each testis that
secretes part of the semen, stores semen before ejaculation, and provides a passageway for sperm

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22
Q

testes or testicles

A

male sex glands that produce spermatozoa

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23
Q

testis

A

a single gland

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24
Q

motile

A

capable of spontaneous motion

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25
Q

epididym/o

A

combining form for epididymis

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26
Q

ductus deferens

A

a tube connected to the epididymis that carries
sperm into the pelvic region toward the urethra

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27
Q

ampulla

A

ductus deferens in swine has a glandular portion called

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28
Q

seminal vesicles or vesicular glands

A

two glands that open into the ductus deferens where it joins the urethra

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29
Q

Semen

A

ejaculatory fluid that contains sperm and the secretions of the accessory sex glands

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30
Q

Semin/i

A

semen

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31
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

formed by the union of the ductus deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicles

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32
Q

prostate gland

A

single gland that surrounds or is near the urethra and may be well defined or diffuse depending on the species

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33
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

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34
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

two glands located on either side of the urethra

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35
Q

Cowper’s glands

A

pea sized glands present inferior to the prostate gland in the male reproductive system

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36
Q

penis

A

male sex organ that carries reproductive and urinary products out of the body

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37
Q

prepuce

A

retractable fold of skin covering the glans penis

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38
Q

foreskin

A

prepuce is sometimes called

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39
Q

os penis

A

which is a bone encased in the penile tissue

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40
Q

pen/i and priap/o

A

penis

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41
Q

sigmoid flexure

A

an S-shaped bend in the penis

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42
Q

urethra

A

a tube passing through the penis to the outside of the body

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43
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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44
Q

ovaries

A

small pair of organs located in the caudal abdomen

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45
Q

ova

A

eggs

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46
Q

graafian follicles

A

ovaries contain many small sacs called

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47
Q

ovari/o and oophor/o

A

female gonad

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48
Q

oo/o , ov/i , and ov/o

A

egg

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49
Q

oocyte

A

egg cell

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50
Q

uterine tubes

A

paired tubes that extend from the cranial portion of the uterus to the ovary (although they are not attached to the ovary)

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51
Q

oviducts and fallopian tubes

A

uterine tubes

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52
Q

infundibulum

A

distal end of each uterine tube is a funnel-shaped opening called

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53
Q

fimbriae

A

infundibulum contains fringed extensions called

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54
Q

Fertilization

A

egg and sperm union

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55
Q

uterus

A

a thick-walled, hollow organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining that houses the developing embryo in pregnant females

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56
Q

hyster/o , metri/o , metri/o , and
uter/o

A

uterus.

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57
Q

cornus

A

horn

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58
Q

bicornuate

A

which means having two large, well-defined uterine horns

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59
Q

corpus

A

body, middle portion of the uterus

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60
Q

cervix

A

neck. The caudal portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina

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61
Q

Cervic/o

A

means neck

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62
Q

perimetrium

A

membranous outer layer of the uterus

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63
Q

Peri

A

prefix for surrounding

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64
Q

myometrium

A

muscular middle layer of the uterus

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65
Q

My/o

A

muscle

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66
Q

endometrium

A

inner layer of the uterus

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67
Q

Endo-

A

within

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68
Q

cervix

A

caudal continuation of the uterus and marks the cranial extent of the vagina

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69
Q

sphincters

A

cervix contains ring like smooth muscle called

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70
Q

cervic/o

A

means neck or necklike structure.

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71
Q

vagina

A

the muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body

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72
Q

colp/o and vagin/o

A

vagina

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73
Q

hymen

A

membranous fold of tissue may partially or
completely cover the external vaginal orifice. This fold is called

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74
Q

orifice

A

an entrance or outlet from a body cavity

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75
Q

vulva

A

also known as the female external genitalia

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76
Q

pudendum

A

external opening to the urogenital tract and consists of the vaginal orifice, vestibular glands, clitoris, hymen, and urethral orifice

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77
Q

vulv/o and episi/o

A

vulva

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78
Q

perineum

A

region between the vaginal orifice and anus in females

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79
Q

labia

A

fleshy borders or edges of the vulva and are occasionally called the lips

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80
Q

vaginal orifice

A

the entrance from the vagina to the outside of the body

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81
Q

vestibular glands (also known as
Bartholin’s glands in primates)

A

found in bovine, feline, and occasionally ovine species

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82
Q

clitoris

A

sensitive erectile tissue of females located in the ventral portion of the vulva

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83
Q

urethral orifice

A

found where the vagina and vulva join and is sometimes associated with a vestigial hymen

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84
Q

mammary glands

A

milk-producing glands

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85
Q

mammae

A

mammary glands

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86
Q

udder

A

the mammary gland is called

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87
Q

teat

A

nipple area is called

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88
Q

quarters

A

In cows, the four mammae are called

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89
Q

alveoli

A

milk-secreting sacs called

90
Q

lactiferous duct

A

lobe drains toward the teat or papilla via a

91
Q

Lact/i

A

milk

92
Q

lactiferous sinus

A

composed of the gland cistern (within the gland) and the teat cistern (within the teat)

93
Q

papillary duct

A

commonly called the streak canal

94
Q

mamm/o and mast/o

A

mammary glands

95
Q

estrous cycle (heat cycle)

A

occurs at the onset of puberty and continues throughout an animal’s life

96
Q

ovulation

A

graafian follicle ruptures, a process

97
Q

corpus luteum

A

yellow ruptured follicle is called

98
Q

follicular phase

A

stage of the estrous cycle in which the graafian follicle is present is called

99
Q

luteal phase

A

stage of the estrous cycle in which the corpus luteum is present is called

100
Q

proestrus

A

period of the estrous cycle before sexual receptivity

101
Q

pro-

A

before

102
Q

estrus

A

period of the estrous cycle in which the female is receptive to the male

103
Q

Ovulation

A

the animal is said to be in heat . This also is called
standing heat

104
Q

metestrus

A

short period of the estrous cycle after sexual receptivity

105
Q

corpus albicans

A

white body

106
Q

diestrus

A

period of the estrous cycle after metestrus

107
Q

anestrus

A

period of the estrous cycle when the animal is sexually quiet

108
Q

monestrous

A

having one estrous or heat cycle per year

109
Q

polyestrous

A

having more than one estrous or heat cycle per year

110
Q

spontaneous ovulators

A

animals in which ovum release occurs cyclically

111
Q

induced ovulators

A

animals in which the ovum is released only after copulation; also called reflex ovulators

112
Q

seasonally

A

pertaining to a specific time of year

113
Q

Copulation and coitus

A

two words used to describe sexual intercourse

114
Q

tie

A

period of copulation between a male and female canine during which the two animals are locked together by penile erectile tissue

115
Q

conception

A

beginning of a new individual resulting from fertilization

116
Q

meiosis

A

the cell receives half the chromosomes from each parent is called

117
Q

Implantation

A

the attachment and embedding of the zygote in
the uterus

118
Q

embryo

A

developing zygote after implantation is called

119
Q

fetus

A

unborn animal is called

120
Q

copulat/o and coit/o

A

joining together

121
Q

Intromission

A

insertion of the penis into the vagina

122
Q

ejaculates

A

release semen during copulation

123
Q

Fertilization

A

the union of ovum and sperm

124
Q

placenta

A

female organ of mammals that develops during pregnancy and joins mother and offspring for exchange of nutrients, also called afterbirth

125
Q

umbilical cord

A

structure that forms where the fetus
communicates with the placenta

126
Q

umbilicus

A

structure that forms on the abdominal wall where the umbilical cord was connected to the fetus

127
Q

Umbilic/o

A

navel

128
Q

amnion (amniotic sac or bag of waters)

A

innermost membrane enveloping the embryo in the uterus is called the

129
Q

chorion

A

outermost layer of the placenta

130
Q

cotyledon (buttons)

A

is the elevation of the ruminant placenta that is on the fetal surface and adheres to the maternal caruncle

131
Q

caruncle

A

is the fleshy mass on the maternal ruminant placenta that attaches to the fetal cotyledon

132
Q

placentome

A

together the caruncle and cotyledon form the

133
Q

Pregnancy

A

is the condition of having a developing fetus in the uterus and is the time period between conception and parturition

134
Q

gravid/o

A

pregnant

135
Q

-para

A

suffix meaning to bear or bring forth.

136
Q

nulligravida

A

one who has never been pregnant; nulli- means none

137
Q

nullipara

A

female who has never borne a viable fetus

138
Q

primigravida

A

female during first pregnancy; primi- means first

139
Q

primipara

A

female who has borne one offspring

140
Q

multigravida

A

one who has had multiple pregnancies

141
Q

multiparous

A

female who has borne multiple offspring during the same gestation

142
Q

litter

A

is a group of offspring born during the same labor

143
Q

viviparous

A

bearing live young

144
Q

oviparous

A

bearing eggs

145
Q

ovovivparous

A

=producing eggs that are hatched within the body, so that young are born alive but without placental attachment such as snake

146
Q

Cyesis, pregn/o

A

pregnancy

147
Q

Gestation

A

the period of development of the fetus in the uterus from conception to parturition and is the
term more commonly used in reference to animals

148
Q

gest/o and gestat/o

A

gestation

149
Q

viable

A

capable of living outside the mother

150
Q

parturition/ labor

A

act of giving birth is called

151
Q

Part/o

A

giving birth

152
Q

antepartum

A

period before the onset of labor

153
Q

postpartum

A

the period immediately after labor

154
Q

Presentation

A

orientation of the fetus before delivery

155
Q

Transverse presentation

A

involves the fetus lying across the cervix, and normal parturition is not achieved

156
Q

breech presentation

A

the tail of the fetus is presented first and delivery may or may not be obstructed

157
Q

dilation

A

act of stretching

158
Q

delivery

A

Expulsion of the fetus

159
Q

neonate

A

newborn is called

160
Q

meconium

A

first stool of a newborn that consists of material collected in the intestine of the fetus is called

161
Q

uterine involution

A

uterus returning to normal size

162
Q

colostrum

A

thick fluid that contains nutrients and antibodies needed by the neonate

163
Q

Lactation

A

process of forming and secreting milk

164
Q

amniocentesis

A

surgical puncture with a needle through the abdominal and uterine walls to obtain amniotic fluid to evaluate the fetus

165
Q

radiography

A

procedure in which film is exposed as ionizing radiation passes through the patient and shows the internal body structures in profile

166
Q

ultrasound

A

diagnostic test using high-frequency waves to evaluate internal structures

167
Q

abortion

A

termination of pregnancy. The combining form abort/o means premature expulsion of a nonviable fetus

168
Q

azoospermia

A

absence of sperm in the semen

169
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

abnormal noncancerous enlargement of the prostate; also called prostatomegaly or enlarged prostate ; abbreviated BPH

170
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the neck of the uterus

171
Q

cryptorchidism

A

developmental defect in which one or both testes
fail to descend into the scrotum

172
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

173
Q

dystocia

A

difficult birth

174
Q

– tocia

A

birth or labor

175
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

fertilized ovum implanted outside the uterus

176
Q

epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis

177
Q

fetal defects

A

abnormalities that occur in the development of the fetus

178
Q

Teratogens

A

are substances that produce defects in the fetus

179
Q

terat/o

A

malformed fetus

180
Q

Mutagens

A

are substances that produce change or that create genetic abnormalities

181
Q

fibroid

A

benign tumor arising from the smooth muscle of the uterus

182
Q

hermaphroditism

A

condition of having both ovarian and testicular tissue

183
Q

Pseudohermaphroditism

A

is the condition of having gonads of one sex but the physical characteristics of both sexes

184
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the mammary gland

185
Q

metritis

A

inflammation of the uterus

186
Q

oligospermia

A

deficient amount of sperm in semen

187
Q

oligo-

A

prefix for scant or few

188
Q

orchitis

A

inflammation of the gonads of the male; also called testitis

189
Q

ovarian cyst

A

collection of fluid or solid material in the female gonad

190
Q

sterility

A

inability to reproduce

191
Q

supernumerary

A

more than the normal number

192
Q

transmissible venereal tumor

A

naturally occurring, sexually transmitted tumor of dogs that affects the external genitalia and other
mucous membranes; abbreviated TVT

193
Q

uterine prolapse

A

protrusion of the uterus through the vaginal
orifice, commonly called cast her withers

194
Q

vaginal prolapse

A

protrusion of the vagina through the vaginal wall or
vaginal orifice

195
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

196
Q

paraphimosis

A

retraction of the skin of the prepuce causing a painful swelling of the glans penis that prevents the penis from being retracted

197
Q

phim/o

A

means muzzling or constriction of an orifice

198
Q

phimosis

A

narrowing of the skin of the prepuce so that it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis

199
Q

pneumovagina

A

conformational defect in the perineum of cows and mares that allows air to enter the vagina; also called windsuckers

200
Q

priapism

A

persistent penile erection not associated with sexual excitement

201
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate

202
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false pregnancy; also called pseudopregnancy

203
Q

pyometra

A

pus in the uterus

204
Q

retained placenta

A

non-passage of the placenta after delivery of the fetus

205
Q

scrotal hydrocele

A

hernia of fluid in the testes or along the spermatic cord

206
Q

Hydro- , -cele

A

water, hernia

207
Q

assisted delivery

A

manual use of hands or equipment to aid in delivery of a fetus

208
Q

cesarean section

A

delivery of offspring through an incision in the
maternal abdominal and uterine walls; also called
a C-section

209
Q

electroejaculation

A

method of collecting semen for artificial insemination or examination in which electrical stimulation is applied to the nerves to promote ejaculation

210
Q

electroejaculator

A

a probe and power source used to apply current to
the nerves that promote ejaculation

211
Q

episiotomy

A

surgical incision of the perineum and vagina to facilitate delivery of the fetus and to prevent damage to maternal structures

212
Q

fetotomy

A

cutting apart of a fetus to enable removal from the uterus; also called embryotomy

213
Q

hysterectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterus

214
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical removal of the mammary gland or breast

215
Q

neuter

A

to sexually alter

216
Q

oophorectomy

A

surgical removal of the ovary

217
Q

orchidectomy

A

surgical removal of the testis

218
Q

orchectomy orchiectomy

A

castration

219
Q

ovariohysterectomy

A

surgical removal of the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus; also called a spay

220
Q

vasectomy

A

sterilization of a male in which a portion of the ductus deferens is surgically removed

221
Q

Libido

A

sexual desire

222
Q

vas/o

A

vas deferens

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