Ch. 12 Terminology 1+1=3 or more Flashcards
reproductive system
responsible for producing offspring
theriogenology
used to describe
animal reproduction or the study of producing beasts
Theri/o, gen/o, -logy
beast, producing, study
genitals, genitalia
reproductive organs, whether male or female
genit/o
organs of reproduction
gonads
Sex glands
orch/o , orchi/o , orchid/o , test/o , and testicul/o
testes
seminiferous tubules
testicle is divided into compartments that contain coiled tubes called
interstitial
cells between the spaces are called
Leydig’s cells
interstitial cells of the testes are called
Sertoli cells
specialized cells in the testes that support and nourish sperm growth
Sperm or spermatozoa
male gametes, or sex cells
Spermatozoon
is one gamete
sperm/o and spermat/o
combining forms for spermatozoa
acrosome
top of the head is a structure which contains enzymes that allow the spermatozoon to penetrate the ovum
Spermatogenesis
production of male gametes
scrotum or scrotal sac
external pouch that encloses and supports the testes
scrot/o
scrotum
perineum
area between the scrotum and the anus in
males is the
Perine/o
combining form for the area between the scrotum
(or vulva in females) and anus
epididymis
the tube at the upper part of each testis that
secretes part of the semen, stores semen before ejaculation, and provides a passageway for sperm
testes or testicles
male sex glands that produce spermatozoa
testis
a single gland
motile
capable of spontaneous motion
epididym/o
combining form for epididymis
ductus deferens
a tube connected to the epididymis that carries
sperm into the pelvic region toward the urethra
ampulla
ductus deferens in swine has a glandular portion called
seminal vesicles or vesicular glands
two glands that open into the ductus deferens where it joins the urethra
Semen
ejaculatory fluid that contains sperm and the secretions of the accessory sex glands
Semin/i
semen
ejaculatory duct
formed by the union of the ductus deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicles
prostate gland
single gland that surrounds or is near the urethra and may be well defined or diffuse depending on the species
prostat/o
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
two glands located on either side of the urethra
Cowper’s glands
pea sized glands present inferior to the prostate gland in the male reproductive system
penis
male sex organ that carries reproductive and urinary products out of the body
prepuce
retractable fold of skin covering the glans penis
foreskin
prepuce is sometimes called
os penis
which is a bone encased in the penile tissue
pen/i and priap/o
penis
sigmoid flexure
an S-shaped bend in the penis
urethra
a tube passing through the penis to the outside of the body
urethr/o
urethra
ovaries
small pair of organs located in the caudal abdomen
ova
eggs
graafian follicles
ovaries contain many small sacs called
ovari/o and oophor/o
female gonad
oo/o , ov/i , and ov/o
egg
oocyte
egg cell
uterine tubes
paired tubes that extend from the cranial portion of the uterus to the ovary (although they are not attached to the ovary)
oviducts and fallopian tubes
uterine tubes
infundibulum
distal end of each uterine tube is a funnel-shaped opening called
fimbriae
infundibulum contains fringed extensions called
Fertilization
egg and sperm union
uterus
a thick-walled, hollow organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining that houses the developing embryo in pregnant females
hyster/o , metri/o , metri/o , and
uter/o
uterus.
cornus
horn
bicornuate
which means having two large, well-defined uterine horns
corpus
body, middle portion of the uterus
cervix
neck. The caudal portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina
Cervic/o
means neck
perimetrium
membranous outer layer of the uterus
Peri
prefix for surrounding
myometrium
muscular middle layer of the uterus
My/o
muscle
endometrium
inner layer of the uterus
Endo-
within
cervix
caudal continuation of the uterus and marks the cranial extent of the vagina
sphincters
cervix contains ring like smooth muscle called
cervic/o
means neck or necklike structure.
vagina
the muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body
colp/o and vagin/o
vagina
hymen
membranous fold of tissue may partially or
completely cover the external vaginal orifice. This fold is called
orifice
an entrance or outlet from a body cavity
vulva
also known as the female external genitalia
pudendum
external opening to the urogenital tract and consists of the vaginal orifice, vestibular glands, clitoris, hymen, and urethral orifice
vulv/o and episi/o
vulva
perineum
region between the vaginal orifice and anus in females
labia
fleshy borders or edges of the vulva and are occasionally called the lips
vaginal orifice
the entrance from the vagina to the outside of the body
vestibular glands (also known as
Bartholin’s glands in primates)
found in bovine, feline, and occasionally ovine species
clitoris
sensitive erectile tissue of females located in the ventral portion of the vulva
urethral orifice
found where the vagina and vulva join and is sometimes associated with a vestigial hymen
mammary glands
milk-producing glands
mammae
mammary glands
udder
the mammary gland is called
teat
nipple area is called
quarters
In cows, the four mammae are called
alveoli
milk-secreting sacs called
lactiferous duct
lobe drains toward the teat or papilla via a
Lact/i
milk
lactiferous sinus
composed of the gland cistern (within the gland) and the teat cistern (within the teat)
papillary duct
commonly called the streak canal
mamm/o and mast/o
mammary glands
estrous cycle (heat cycle)
occurs at the onset of puberty and continues throughout an animal’s life
ovulation
graafian follicle ruptures, a process
corpus luteum
yellow ruptured follicle is called
follicular phase
stage of the estrous cycle in which the graafian follicle is present is called
luteal phase
stage of the estrous cycle in which the corpus luteum is present is called
proestrus
period of the estrous cycle before sexual receptivity
pro-
before
estrus
period of the estrous cycle in which the female is receptive to the male
Ovulation
the animal is said to be in heat . This also is called
standing heat
metestrus
short period of the estrous cycle after sexual receptivity
corpus albicans
white body
diestrus
period of the estrous cycle after metestrus
anestrus
period of the estrous cycle when the animal is sexually quiet
monestrous
having one estrous or heat cycle per year
polyestrous
having more than one estrous or heat cycle per year
spontaneous ovulators
animals in which ovum release occurs cyclically
induced ovulators
animals in which the ovum is released only after copulation; also called reflex ovulators
seasonally
pertaining to a specific time of year
Copulation and coitus
two words used to describe sexual intercourse
tie
period of copulation between a male and female canine during which the two animals are locked together by penile erectile tissue
conception
beginning of a new individual resulting from fertilization
meiosis
the cell receives half the chromosomes from each parent is called
Implantation
the attachment and embedding of the zygote in
the uterus
embryo
developing zygote after implantation is called
fetus
unborn animal is called
copulat/o and coit/o
joining together
Intromission
insertion of the penis into the vagina
ejaculates
release semen during copulation
Fertilization
the union of ovum and sperm
placenta
female organ of mammals that develops during pregnancy and joins mother and offspring for exchange of nutrients, also called afterbirth
umbilical cord
structure that forms where the fetus
communicates with the placenta
umbilicus
structure that forms on the abdominal wall where the umbilical cord was connected to the fetus
Umbilic/o
navel
amnion (amniotic sac or bag of waters)
innermost membrane enveloping the embryo in the uterus is called the
chorion
outermost layer of the placenta
cotyledon (buttons)
is the elevation of the ruminant placenta that is on the fetal surface and adheres to the maternal caruncle
caruncle
is the fleshy mass on the maternal ruminant placenta that attaches to the fetal cotyledon
placentome
together the caruncle and cotyledon form the
Pregnancy
is the condition of having a developing fetus in the uterus and is the time period between conception and parturition
gravid/o
pregnant
-para
suffix meaning to bear or bring forth.
nulligravida
one who has never been pregnant; nulli- means none
nullipara
female who has never borne a viable fetus
primigravida
female during first pregnancy; primi- means first
primipara
female who has borne one offspring
multigravida
one who has had multiple pregnancies
multiparous
female who has borne multiple offspring during the same gestation
litter
is a group of offspring born during the same labor
viviparous
bearing live young
oviparous
bearing eggs
ovovivparous
=producing eggs that are hatched within the body, so that young are born alive but without placental attachment such as snake
Cyesis, pregn/o
pregnancy
Gestation
the period of development of the fetus in the uterus from conception to parturition and is the
term more commonly used in reference to animals
gest/o and gestat/o
gestation
viable
capable of living outside the mother
parturition/ labor
act of giving birth is called
Part/o
giving birth
antepartum
period before the onset of labor
postpartum
the period immediately after labor
Presentation
orientation of the fetus before delivery
Transverse presentation
involves the fetus lying across the cervix, and normal parturition is not achieved
breech presentation
the tail of the fetus is presented first and delivery may or may not be obstructed
dilation
act of stretching
delivery
Expulsion of the fetus
neonate
newborn is called
meconium
first stool of a newborn that consists of material collected in the intestine of the fetus is called
uterine involution
uterus returning to normal size
colostrum
thick fluid that contains nutrients and antibodies needed by the neonate
Lactation
process of forming and secreting milk
amniocentesis
surgical puncture with a needle through the abdominal and uterine walls to obtain amniotic fluid to evaluate the fetus
radiography
procedure in which film is exposed as ionizing radiation passes through the patient and shows the internal body structures in profile
ultrasound
diagnostic test using high-frequency waves to evaluate internal structures
abortion
termination of pregnancy. The combining form abort/o means premature expulsion of a nonviable fetus
azoospermia
absence of sperm in the semen
benign prostatic hypertrophy
abnormal noncancerous enlargement of the prostate; also called prostatomegaly or enlarged prostate ; abbreviated BPH
cervicitis
inflammation of the neck of the uterus
cryptorchidism
developmental defect in which one or both testes
fail to descend into the scrotum
crypt/o
hidden
dystocia
difficult birth
– tocia
birth or labor
ectopic pregnancy
fertilized ovum implanted outside the uterus
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
fetal defects
abnormalities that occur in the development of the fetus
Teratogens
are substances that produce defects in the fetus
terat/o
malformed fetus
Mutagens
are substances that produce change or that create genetic abnormalities
fibroid
benign tumor arising from the smooth muscle of the uterus
hermaphroditism
condition of having both ovarian and testicular tissue
Pseudohermaphroditism
is the condition of having gonads of one sex but the physical characteristics of both sexes
mastitis
inflammation of the mammary gland
metritis
inflammation of the uterus
oligospermia
deficient amount of sperm in semen
oligo-
prefix for scant or few
orchitis
inflammation of the gonads of the male; also called testitis
ovarian cyst
collection of fluid or solid material in the female gonad
sterility
inability to reproduce
supernumerary
more than the normal number
transmissible venereal tumor
naturally occurring, sexually transmitted tumor of dogs that affects the external genitalia and other
mucous membranes; abbreviated TVT
uterine prolapse
protrusion of the uterus through the vaginal
orifice, commonly called cast her withers
vaginal prolapse
protrusion of the vagina through the vaginal wall or
vaginal orifice
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
paraphimosis
retraction of the skin of the prepuce causing a painful swelling of the glans penis that prevents the penis from being retracted
phim/o
means muzzling or constriction of an orifice
phimosis
narrowing of the skin of the prepuce so that it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis
pneumovagina
conformational defect in the perineum of cows and mares that allows air to enter the vagina; also called windsuckers
priapism
persistent penile erection not associated with sexual excitement
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy; also called pseudopregnancy
pyometra
pus in the uterus
retained placenta
non-passage of the placenta after delivery of the fetus
scrotal hydrocele
hernia of fluid in the testes or along the spermatic cord
Hydro- , -cele
water, hernia
assisted delivery
manual use of hands or equipment to aid in delivery of a fetus
cesarean section
delivery of offspring through an incision in the
maternal abdominal and uterine walls; also called
a C-section
electroejaculation
method of collecting semen for artificial insemination or examination in which electrical stimulation is applied to the nerves to promote ejaculation
electroejaculator
a probe and power source used to apply current to
the nerves that promote ejaculation
episiotomy
surgical incision of the perineum and vagina to facilitate delivery of the fetus and to prevent damage to maternal structures
fetotomy
cutting apart of a fetus to enable removal from the uterus; also called embryotomy
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
mastectomy
surgical removal of the mammary gland or breast
neuter
to sexually alter
oophorectomy
surgical removal of the ovary
orchidectomy
surgical removal of the testis
orchectomy orchiectomy
castration
ovariohysterectomy
surgical removal of the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus; also called a spay
vasectomy
sterilization of a male in which a portion of the ductus deferens is surgically removed
Libido
sexual desire
vas/o
vas deferens
