CH 12 - Solutions Flashcards
What is a thirsty solution?
a solution that draws more water to itself.
Sea water draws water from the body leading to dehydration.
Solution
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances or components.
Solvent
the majority component in a solution
Solute
the minority component in a solution
In most solutions the particles of the solute interact with the particles of the solvent through ________.
IMFs
Substances tend to __________.
combine into uniform mixtures unless it is highly unfavorable energetically.
Aqueous Solution
water is the solvent and a solid, liquid, or gas is the solute.
Aqueous Solution examples
- Salt(solid) in seawater
- ethyl alcohol(liquid) in alcohol
- CO2(gas) in club soda
solid, liquid, and gas in water
3 types of common solutions
- Gaseous Solutions(gas with gas)
* Air - Liquid Solutions(liquid solvent with solid, liquid, or gas solute)
- seawater, vodka, club soda
- Solid Solutions(solid with solid)
- brass(copper and zinc) and other alloys
Solubility
the amount of the substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent.
What does solubility govern?
the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance.
Is grease soluble in water?
Solubility is nearly 0 so no grease will not dissolve in water.
The formation of a solution ____________ the potential energy of its constituent particles.
does not necessarily lower
- most other interactions do(cations and anions want lower PE!)
The tendency for ideal gases to mix does not _______ PE but is related to ______,
lower
entropy
Entropy
a measure of the energy randomization or energy dispersal in a system.
Entropy:
What happens when Neon and Argon mix from two separated containers into one?
even though the two gases have low PE they mix and spread out, along with their kinetic energy, over the larger volume.
The mixture has greater energy dispersal, or greater Entropy, than the separated components.
Why do two ideal gases mix?
The pervasive tendency for energy to spread out, or disperse, whenever it is not restrained from doing so is the reason.
Entropy NOT PE in effect here.
- You heat an iron rod on one side but the entire rod becomes evenly hot
Does energy spontaneously concentrate?
No.
It will spontaneously spread out and disperse.
What is the fundamental criterion that ultimately determines the spontaneity of any process?
The dispersal of energy(entropy)
The formation or prevention of solutions is affected by _______.
IMF interaction
Solvent-Solute interactions > solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions
solution forms
Solvent-Solute interactions = solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions
Solution Forms
Solvent-Solute interactions < solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions
may or may not form depending on how large the relative disparity is.
Yes a solution can form even if an energetically uphill battle.
Too large and no solution.
Solvent-solute interactions
the interactions between a solvent particle and a solute particle