Ch. 12 Social Psychology

Question 1

Inferences/explanations about the causes of people’s behavior

Answer 1

Attributions

Question 2

explanation of behavior in terms of something within the person

Answer 2

Internal attribution

Question 3

explanation of behavior in terms of something outside of the person

Answer 3

External attribution

Question 4

tendency to favor internal personal attributions for behavior rather than external, situation attributions

Answer 4

fundamental attributions errors

Question 5

tendency to attribute successes to our own effort & ability (internal) & failures to situations (external)

Answer 5

self-serving bias

Question 6

tendency to use internal attributions to explain other’s behavior & external to explain ours

Answer 6

actor observer bias

Question 7

changing one’s attitude under perceived pressure so that it is consistent with the behavior of others

Answer 7

conformity

Question 8

we want to fit in

Answer 8

normative influence

Question 9

think others are correct

Answer 9

Informational influence

Question 10

following the commands of an authority figure

Answer 10

obedience

Question 11

process of changing attitudes

Answer 11

persuasion

Question 12

pay attention to the message (information; strength of argument)

Answer 12

central persuasion

Question 13

rely on peripheral rules (superficial cues)

Answer 13

peripheral persuasion

Question 14

when an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are changed or shaped by the presence or actions of other people within a group

Answer 14

group influence

Question 15

the presence of others improves your performance

Answer 15

social facilitation

Question 16

the presence of others decreases your performance

Answer 16

social interference

Question 17

tendency for people to work less as the size of the group increases

Answer 17

social loafing

Question 18

help someone unselfishly (don’t expect anything in return)

Answer 18

altruism

Question 19

minimize cost & maximize reward (reward greater than cost)

Answer 19

social exchange theory

Question 20

we help those who will help us

Answer 20

norm of reciprocity

Question 21

we feel like if we don’t help then they won’t get help; we feel responsible

Answer 21

norm of social responsibility

Question 22

4 levels of decision model of helping

Answer 22

1. Notice the incident?
2. Emergency?
3. Assume responsibility?
4. Help?

Question 23

a false impression of what others are feelings or thinking

Answer 23

pluralistic ignorance

Question 24

phenomenon that describes that people less likely to take action/help when others are present

Answer 24

diffusion of responsibility

Question 25

we hesitate to do things in front of others

Answer 25

audience inhibition

Question 26

we like those who like us back

Answer 26

reciprocity

Question 27

like people who are near us

Answer 27

proximity

Question 28

the more we are exposed to someone it tends to increase our attraction

Answer 28

mere exposure effect

Question 29

like people who are similar to us

Answer 29

similarity

Question 30

we tend to pick people who match us, match some physical appearance

Answer 30

matching phenomenon

Question 31

how attractive a person is

Answer 31

physical attractiveness

Question 32

we tend to attribute positive attributes to good looking people

Answer 32

what-is-beautiful-is-good phenomenon