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PSYC 4050 > Ch. 12 Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Ch. 12 Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

psychosis

A

state in which a person loses contact with reality

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2
Q

psychosis

A

ability to perceive and respond to the environment is significantly disturbed; functioning is impaired

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3
Q

symptoms of psychosis

A

hallucinations

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4
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory perceptions

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5
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs

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6
Q

most psychoses appear in the form of schizophrenia

A

true

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7
Q

hallucinogens of psychosis

A

substance induced or caused by a brain injury

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8
Q

schizophrenia

A

psychotic disorder in which persona, social, and occupational functioning deterioration as a result from unusual perception, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities

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9
Q

what group is schizophrenia more frequently found in?

A

lower social economic status (SES) groups

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10
Q

what disorder is caused by stress of poverty?

A

downward shift?

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11
Q

downward shift theory

A

causes victims to fall into lower social levels and remain at lower levels

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12
Q

schizophrenia is equally distributed between _____ and _____.

A

men and women

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13
Q

average onset age of schizophrenia is

A

20s

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14
Q

True or False: schizophrenia appears in all socioeconomic groups, but is more frequent among the lower SES groups

A

true

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15
Q

schizophrenia key features

A

psychotic symptoms

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16
Q

schizophrenia duration

A

6 months or more

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17
Q

brief psychotic disorder key features

A

psychotic symptoms

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18
Q

brief psychotic disorder duration

A

less than 1 month

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19
Q

schizophreniform disorder key features

A

psychotic symptoms

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20
Q

schizophreniform disorder duration

A

1 to 6 months

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21
Q

schizoaffective disorder key features

A

symptoms of both schizophrenia and major depressive episode or a manic episode

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22
Q

schizoaffective disorder duration

A

6 or more months

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23
Q

delusional disorder key features

A

persistent delusions that are not bizarre and not due to schizophrenia

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24
Q

delusional disorder duration

A

1 month or more

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25
Q

what are the main differences between schizophrenia, brief psychotic disorder, and schizophrenia?

A

duration period

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26
Q

positive symptoms

A

excesses of or bizarre additions to normal thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

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27
Q

negative symptoms

A

deficits in normal thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

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28
Q

psychomotor symptoms

A

slow, awkward movements, repeated grimaces, and odd gestures; catatonia

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29
Q

schizophrenia positive symptoms must have

A

delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech

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30
Q

about ___% of people with schizophrenia experience positive symptoms

A

80%

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31
Q

how many people experience negative symptoms?

A

15-25%

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32
Q

positive symptoms

A

delusions

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33
Q

delusions of persecution

A

believe they are being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed, poisoned/drugged

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34
Q

believe they are being followed by someone; misinterpret things like people walking behind them, making eye contact

A

example of delusions of persecution

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35
Q

delusions of reference

A

attach special meaning to words or actions of others

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36
Q

believe they are being talked about on TV

A

example of delusions of reference

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37
Q

delusions of grandeur

A

having some great (unrecognized) talent/insight of having made some important discovery

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38
Q

believe they are a reincarnation of Jesus Christ, or have the ability to speak to god

A

example of delusions of grandeur

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39
Q

delusions of control

A

believe thoughts are being controlled by other people

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40
Q

believe that aliens or hi-tech organizations are able to make them think a certain way

A

example of delusions of control

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41
Q

positive schizophrenic symptom

A

hallucinations

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42
Q

Hightened perception

A

people may feel that their senses are being flooded by sights/sounds, making it possible to attend anything

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43
Q

perceptions in the absence of external stimuli

A

auditory, factile, visual, gustatory

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44
Q

what is shown on a brain scan (PET) of schizophrenia patients?

A

hightened activity found in the Broca’s area

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45
Q

Broca’s area

A

a brain region that helps people produce speech

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46
Q

auditory cortex

A

helps people hear sounds

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47
Q

people that are hallucinating seem to hear sounds that are produced by:

A

their own brains but their brains cannot recognize that the sounds are actually coming from within

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48
Q

what does perception involve?

A

5 senses

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49
Q

hallucinations

A

sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli

50
Q

they perceive that something is there when it really is not

A

example of hallucinations

51
Q

what is the most common hallucination?

A

auditory

52
Q

what can hallucinations involve from the other senses

A

tactile, somatic, visual, gustatory, olfactory

53
Q

positive symptoms

A

disorganized thinking and speech

54
Q

disorganized thinking and speech

A

derailment (unclear/confusing)

55
Q

derailment

A

speech problem brought on by schizophrenia individuals jumping to different ideas

56
Q

the problem is insects. my brother used to collect insects. He’s now a man, 5’10. You know, 10 is my favorite number; I also like to dance, draw and watch TV

A

example of derailment

57
Q

neologisms

A

made up words

58
Q

I got so angry I picked up a dish and threw it at the geshinker

A

example of neologisms

59
Q

presevation

A

patients repeat their words and statements again and again, despite the absence or cessation of the stimulus

60
Q

two days…two days…two days

A

example of presevation

61
Q

clang (rhymes)

A

rhyming words in a noncoherant way

62
Q

how are you? well, hell, its well to tell.

how’s the weather? so hot you know it runs on a cat

A

clang example

63
Q

negative symptoms

A

poverty of speech

64
Q

another word for poverty of speech is

A

alogia

65
Q

alogia

A

a decrease in speech or speech content

66
Q

what is a logia a symptom of?

A

schizophrenia

67
Q

alogia is a reduction of what? (2)

A

quantity and quality

68
Q

quantity

A

may speak infrequently

69
Q

quality

A

may say a lot but covey little meaning

70
Q

constricted affect

A

show less emotion and eye contact than most people

71
Q

blunted affect

A

immobile, expressionless face

72
Q

loss of violation

A

motivation or directness

73
Q

loss of violation

A

feeling drained of energy and interest in normal goals, inability to start/follow through on a course of action, ambivalence

74
Q

ambivalence

A

conflicted feelings about most things

75
Q

psychomotor symptoms

A

awkward movements, repeated grimaces and odd gestures

76
Q

catatonia

A

extreme psychomotor symptoms are collectively called

77
Q

catatonia

A

a pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms

78
Q

behaviors of catatonia

A

stupor, rigity, posturing, and excitement

79
Q

stupor

A

state of near unconsciousness

80
Q

psychomotor movements have a magical quality (T/F?)

A

true; different

81
Q

tx

A

treatment

82
Q

biological views: (2)

A

heredity and genetic factors: diathesis-stress perspective

83
Q

diathesis-stress perspective

A

a person has a genetic predisposition (diathesis) for the disorder, which is triggered by later exposure to extreme stress

84
Q

biochemical abnormalities

A

dopamine hypothesis

85
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

certain neurons using dopamine fires too often

86
Q

why is dopamine hypothesis supported?

A

antipsychotics manage dopamine and are most effective treatment

87
Q

problems with dopamine hypothesis

A

more than just dopamine is responsible for schizophrenia (hightening from low to high). other neurotransmitters are involved

88
Q

identical twin and offspring of one schizophrenia parents

A

inherited

89
Q

developmental psychopathology view

A

starts with genetic predisposition

90
Q

can lead to schizophrenia if individuals experience 3 points:

A
  1. social labelling/self-fulfilling prophecy
  2. significant life stressors (sociocultural disparities)
  3. difficult family interactions (stress high expressed emotions)
91
Q

sociocultural disparities

A

low SES, racial/gender discrimination, stress/poverty stress factor

92
Q

labelling

A

society labels people who fail to conform to certain norms of behavior

93
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

once assigned with a society label, it becomes a _______.

94
Q

family stress: parents of people with schizophrenia often display 3 points:

A
  1. display more conflict
  2. have more difficulty communicating with one another
  3. more critical of and over involved with their children than other parents
95
Q

what can family stress cause?

A

significant stress

96
Q

individuals recovering from schizophrenia are how many times more likely to relapse if they live with significant family stress?

A

4x

97
Q

institutional care in the past: 1793:

A

move from asylums toward large mental hospitals

98
Q

1793: moral treatment

A

with sympathy and kindness

99
Q

public mental hospitals (state hospitals) were used for patients who couldn’t?

A

afford care

100
Q

institutional care in the past: 1955

A

overcrowding/understaffing created dramatic changes

101
Q

1955: treatment used

A

restraints, isolation, and punishment

102
Q

1955: back wards (human warehouses)

A

straitjackets, handcuffs; labtomoy

103
Q

Milieu therapy

A

creating a social climate that promotes productive activity, self-respected, and individual responsibility

104
Q

where did residents of milieu therapy stay?

A

therapeutic community of respect, support, and openness

105
Q

token economy

A

systematic use of operant conditioning techniques used in hospital wards to change patient behaviors

106
Q

in a token economy, how were patients rewarded for acceptable behavior?

A

tokens

107
Q

operant conditioning

A

reinforcement positive behaviors

108
Q

1950

A

antipsychotic drugs discovered

109
Q

antihistamines

A

drugs that treated allergies and calmed patients undergoing surgery

110
Q

what was the first generation of antipsychotic drugs?

A

antihistamines

111
Q

neuroleptic drugs

A

cause neuroleptic symptoms

112
Q

neuroleptic drugs are also called

A

1st generation antipsychotic drugs

113
Q

neuroleptic antipsychotic drugs definition

A

produced undesired movement effects similar to symptoms of neurological diseases

114
Q

neuroleptic drugs is an example of what disease?

A

Parkinson’s disease

115
Q

2nd generation of antipsychotic drugs are _____

A

more effective and have less unwanted side effects

116
Q

psychotherapy: cognitive-behavioral therapies

A

hallucination reinterpretation and acceptance

117
Q

hallucinations reinterpretation

A

therapists help change how clients views and react to their hallucinations

118
Q

sociocultural therapy

A

addresses social and interpersonal difficulties: practical advice and problem solving

119
Q

sociocultural therapy virtual reality:

A

the results of the studies suggest that confronting one’s hallucinations in a virtual world can help some people with schizophrenia

120
Q

social therapy

A

helping clients function better within the real world

121
Q

Treatments: acute stage

A

very early stage, 1st episodes/relapses (lower doses)

122
Q

Treatments: acute stage goal

A

reduce psychotic thoughts and behaviors

PSYC 4050 (3 decks)

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