Ch. 12 Schizophrenia Flashcards
1
Q
psychosis
A
state in which a person loses contact with reality
2
Q
psychosis
A
ability to perceive and respond to the environment is significantly disturbed; functioning is impaired
3
Q
symptoms of psychosis
A
hallucinations
4
Q
hallucinations
A
false sensory perceptions
5
Q
delusions
A
false beliefs
6
Q
most psychoses appear in the form of schizophrenia
A
true
7
Q
hallucinogens of psychosis
A
substance induced or caused by a brain injury
8
Q
schizophrenia
A
psychotic disorder in which persona, social, and occupational functioning deterioration as a result from unusual perception, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities
9
Q
what group is schizophrenia more frequently found in?
A
lower social economic status (SES) groups
10
Q
what disorder is caused by stress of poverty?
A
downward shift?
11
Q
downward shift theory
A
causes victims to fall into lower social levels and remain at lower levels
12
Q
schizophrenia is equally distributed between _____ and _____.
A
men and women
13
Q
average onset age of schizophrenia is
A
20s
14
Q
True or False: schizophrenia appears in all socioeconomic groups, but is more frequent among the lower SES groups
A
true
15
Q
schizophrenia key features
A
psychotic symptoms
16
Q
schizophrenia duration
A
6 months or more
17
Q
brief psychotic disorder key features
A
psychotic symptoms
18
Q
brief psychotic disorder duration
A
less than 1 month
19
Q
schizophreniform disorder key features
A
psychotic symptoms
20
Q
schizophreniform disorder duration
A
1 to 6 months
21
Q
schizoaffective disorder key features
A
symptoms of both schizophrenia and major depressive episode or a manic episode
22
Q
schizoaffective disorder duration
A
6 or more months
23
Q
delusional disorder key features
A
persistent delusions that are not bizarre and not due to schizophrenia
24
Q
delusional disorder duration
A
1 month or more
25
what are the main differences between schizophrenia, brief psychotic disorder, and schizophrenia?
duration period
26
positive symptoms
excesses of or bizarre additions to normal thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
27
negative symptoms
deficits in normal thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
28
psychomotor symptoms
slow, awkward movements, repeated grimaces, and odd gestures; catatonia
29
schizophrenia positive symptoms must have
delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech
30
about ___% of people with schizophrenia experience positive symptoms
80%
31
how many people experience negative symptoms?
15-25%
32
positive symptoms
delusions
33
delusions of persecution
believe they are being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed, poisoned/drugged
34
believe they are being followed by someone; misinterpret things like people walking behind them, making eye contact
example of delusions of persecution
35
delusions of reference
attach special meaning to words or actions of others
36
believe they are being talked about on TV
example of delusions of reference
37
delusions of grandeur
having some great (unrecognized) talent/insight of having made some important discovery
38
believe they are a reincarnation of Jesus Christ, or have the ability to speak to god
example of delusions of grandeur
39
delusions of control
believe thoughts are being controlled by other people
40
believe that aliens or hi-tech organizations are able to make them think a certain way
example of delusions of control
41
positive schizophrenic symptom
hallucinations
42
Hightened perception
people may feel that their senses are being flooded by sights/sounds, making it possible to attend anything
43
perceptions in the absence of external stimuli
auditory, factile, visual, gustatory
44
what is shown on a brain scan (PET) of schizophrenia patients?
hightened activity found in the Broca's area
45
Broca's area
a brain region that helps people produce speech
46
auditory cortex
helps people hear sounds
47
people that are hallucinating seem to hear sounds that are produced by:
their own brains but their brains cannot recognize that the sounds are actually coming from within
48
what does perception involve?
5 senses
49
hallucinations
sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli
50
they perceive that something is there when it really is not
example of hallucinations
51
what is the most common hallucination?
auditory
52
what can hallucinations involve from the other senses
tactile, somatic, visual, gustatory, olfactory
53
positive symptoms
disorganized thinking and speech
54
disorganized thinking and speech
derailment (unclear/confusing)
55
derailment
speech problem brought on by schizophrenia individuals jumping to different ideas
56
the problem is insects. my brother used to collect insects. He's now a man, 5'10. You know, 10 is my favorite number; I also like to dance, draw and watch TV
example of derailment
57
neologisms
made up words
58
I got so angry I picked up a dish and threw it at the geshinker
example of neologisms
59
presevation
patients repeat their words and statements again and again, despite the absence or cessation of the stimulus
60
two days...two days...two days
example of presevation
61
clang (rhymes)
rhyming words in a noncoherant way
62
how are you? well, hell, its well to tell.
| how's the weather? so hot you know it runs on a cat
clang example
63
negative symptoms
poverty of speech
64
another word for poverty of speech is
alogia
65
alogia
a decrease in speech or speech content
66
what is a logia a symptom of?
schizophrenia
67
alogia is a reduction of what? (2)
quantity and quality
68
quantity
may speak infrequently
69
quality
may say a lot but covey little meaning
70
constricted affect
show less emotion and eye contact than most people
71
blunted affect
immobile, expressionless face
72
loss of violation
motivation or directness
73
loss of violation
feeling drained of energy and interest in normal goals, inability to start/follow through on a course of action, ambivalence
74
ambivalence
conflicted feelings about most things
75
psychomotor symptoms
awkward movements, repeated grimaces and odd gestures
76
catatonia
extreme psychomotor symptoms are collectively called
77
catatonia
a pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms
78
behaviors of catatonia
stupor, rigity, posturing, and excitement
79
stupor
state of near unconsciousness
80
psychomotor movements have a magical quality (T/F?)
true; different
81
tx
treatment
82
biological views: (2)
heredity and genetic factors: diathesis-stress perspective
83
diathesis-stress perspective
a person has a genetic predisposition (diathesis) for the disorder, which is triggered by later exposure to extreme stress
84
biochemical abnormalities
dopamine hypothesis
85
dopamine hypothesis
certain neurons using dopamine fires too often
86
why is dopamine hypothesis supported?
antipsychotics manage dopamine and are most effective treatment
87
problems with dopamine hypothesis
more than just dopamine is responsible for schizophrenia (hightening from low to high). other neurotransmitters are involved
88
identical twin and offspring of one schizophrenia parents
inherited
89
developmental psychopathology view
starts with genetic predisposition
90
can lead to schizophrenia if individuals experience 3 points:
1. social labelling/self-fulfilling prophecy
2. significant life stressors (sociocultural disparities)
3. difficult family interactions (stress high expressed emotions)
91
sociocultural disparities
low SES, racial/gender discrimination, stress/poverty stress factor
92
labelling
society labels people who fail to conform to certain norms of behavior
93
self-fulfilling prophecy
once assigned with a society label, it becomes a _______.
94
family stress: parents of people with schizophrenia often display 3 points:
1. display more conflict
2. have more difficulty communicating with one another
3. more critical of and over involved with their children than other parents
95
what can family stress cause?
significant stress
96
individuals recovering from schizophrenia are how many times more likely to relapse if they live with significant family stress?
4x
97
institutional care in the past: 1793:
move from asylums toward large mental hospitals
98
1793: moral treatment
with sympathy and kindness
99
public mental hospitals (state hospitals) were used for patients who couldn't?
afford care
100
institutional care in the past: 1955
overcrowding/understaffing created dramatic changes
101
1955: treatment used
restraints, isolation, and punishment
102
1955: back wards (human warehouses)
straitjackets, handcuffs; labtomoy
103
Milieu therapy
creating a social climate that promotes productive activity, self-respected, and individual responsibility
104
where did residents of milieu therapy stay?
therapeutic community of respect, support, and openness
105
token economy
systematic use of operant conditioning techniques used in hospital wards to change patient behaviors
106
in a token economy, how were patients rewarded for acceptable behavior?
tokens
107
operant conditioning
reinforcement positive behaviors
108
1950
antipsychotic drugs discovered
109
antihistamines
drugs that treated allergies and calmed patients undergoing surgery
110
what was the first generation of antipsychotic drugs?
antihistamines
111
neuroleptic drugs
cause neuroleptic symptoms
112
neuroleptic drugs are also called
1st generation antipsychotic drugs
113
neuroleptic antipsychotic drugs definition
produced undesired movement effects similar to symptoms of neurological diseases
114
neuroleptic drugs is an example of what disease?
Parkinson's disease
115
2nd generation of antipsychotic drugs are _____
more effective and have less unwanted side effects
116
psychotherapy: cognitive-behavioral therapies
hallucination reinterpretation and acceptance
117
hallucinations reinterpretation
therapists help change how clients views and react to their hallucinations
118
sociocultural therapy
addresses social and interpersonal difficulties: practical advice and problem solving
119
sociocultural therapy virtual reality:
the results of the studies suggest that confronting one's hallucinations in a virtual world can help some people with schizophrenia
120
social therapy
helping clients function better within the real world
121
Treatments: acute stage
very early stage, 1st episodes/relapses (lower doses)
122
Treatments: acute stage goal
reduce psychotic thoughts and behaviors
