Ch. 12 Plants

Question 1

The life cycle of plants is characterized by

Answer 1

Alternation of generations. - 1) Gametophyte generation : all the cells of the plant body are haploid (n).
2) Sporophyte generation : the cells of the plant body are diploid.

Question 2

Plants with no transport vessels - Non-vascular plants

Answer 2

Bryophytes ex) Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Question 3

Plants with transport vessels - Vascular plants

Answer 3

Tracheophytes

Question 4

Vascular plants - Seedless plants

Answer 4

Like Ferns. reproduce by spores

Question 5

Vascular plants - Seed plants

Answer 5

1. Gymnosperms

2. Angiosperms (Flowering plants)

Question 6

Gymnosperms

Answer 6

Cone-bearing. ex) cedars, sequoias, redwoods, pines, yews and junipers.

Question 7

Angiosperms

Answer 7

Flowering plants. ex) roses, daisies, apples and lemons.

1) Monocotyledon (monocots)
2) Dicotyledon (dicots)

Question 8

Monocotyledon

Answer 8

Ex) grasses such as corn, wheat, rye and oats

Question 9

Dicotyledon

Answer 9

peanuts

Question 10

Bryophytes

Answer 10

• Lack transport vessels ( xylem and phloem) and absorb water by diffusion from the air.
• Their flagellated sperm must swim through water to fertilize an egg.
• Also lack any lignin-fortified tissue that supports a tall plant.
• Restricted to moist habitats and are tiny.
• Grow on rocks, soil and trees.
• Sphagnum or peat moss is used as fuel in much of the world.

Question 11

Tracheophytes

Answer 11

• With vascular tissue.
• Xylem and phloem for transport
• Lignified transport vessels to support the plant
• Roots to absorb water while also anchoring and supporting the plant
• Leaves that increase the photosynthetic surface
• Life cycle with a dominant sporophyte generation.
  1) Gymnosperms
  2) Angiosperms

Question 12

Ferns - Seedless plants

Answer 12

• Seedless tracheophytes. Primitive plants.
• Reproduce by spores instead of by seeds.
• Homosporous - they produce only one type of spore which then develops into a bisexual gametophyte.
• restricted to moist habitats.
• Their sperm are flagellated and must swim from the antheridium to the archegonium to fertilize the egg.

Question 13

Seed plants

Answer 13

Heterosporous. produce two kinds of spores.- Megaspores and microspores.
Megaspores- develop into female gametophytes.
Microspores - develop into male gametophytes.
Teh sperm of seed plants have no flagella and do not require a watery environment in order for fertilization to occur. Two types of seed plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Question 14

Gymnosperms : Conifers

Answer 14

First seed plants to appear on Earth. The seed of gymnosperm - naked, because they are not enclosed inside a fruit as are seed in angiosperms.- form cones.

• Dry environment.: needle- shaped leaves. have a thick, protective cuticle and a relatively small surface area.
• Depend on wind for pollination.
• Ex) gymnosperms are pines, firs, redwoods, junipers and sequoia.

Question 15

Cotyledons (seed leaves)- Monocots and Dicots

Answer 15

Monocots: one

Dicots : two

Question 16

Vascular bundles in stem - Monocots and Dicots

Answer 16

Monocots: Scattered
Dicots: In a ring

Question 17

Leaf venation

Answer 17

Monocots: Parallel
Dicots: Netlike

Question 18

Floral parts

Answer 18

Monocots: Usually in 3s
Dicots: Usually in 4s or 5s

Question 19

Roots

Answer 19

Monocots: Fibrous roots
Dicots: Taproots

Question 20

Strategies that enabled plants to move to land

Answer 20

Cell Walls: made of cellulose lend support to the plant whose cells, unsupported by a watery environment, must maintain their own shape.
…

Question 21

Roots and root hairs (enabled plants to move to land)

Answer 21

absorb water and nutrients from the soil

Question 22

Somates (enabled plants to move to land)

Answer 22

open to exchange photosynthetic gases and close to minimize excessive water loss

Question 23

Cutin (enabled plants to move to land)

Answer 23

the waxy coating on the leaves. Helps prevents excess water loss from the leaves

Question 24

Gametangia (enabled plants to move to land)

Answer 24

In some plants, gametes and zygotes form within a protective jacket of cells called gametangia. prevents drying out.

Question 25

Sporopollenin

Answer 25

a tough polymer. is resistant to almost all kinds of environmental damage and protects plants in a harsh terrestrial environment. Found in the walls of spores and pollen.

Question 26

Seeds and pollen

Answer 26

Have a protective coat that prevents desiccation. (건조) a means of dispersing offspring.

Question 27

Primary and secondary growth

Answer 27

plants continue to grow as long as they live because they contain tissue called meristem that continually divides and generates new cells.

Question 28

Meristem

Answer 28

Continually divides and generates new cells.

Question 29

The enlongation of the plant down into the soil and up into the air

Answer 29

Primary growth.

Question 30

The source of primary growth

Answer 30

Apical meristem at the tips of the roots and in the buds of shoots.

Question 31

Lateral meristem

Answer 31

provides secondary growth. which is increase in girth. (둘레)

Question 32

Plants that have only primary growth

Answer 32

In herbaceous (nonwoody)

Question 33

Plants that secondary growth is responsible for the gradual thickening of the roots and shoots formed from earlier primary growth

Answer 33

In woody plants.

Question 34

Three types of Plant tissue

Answer 34

Dermal tissue, Vascular tissue, and ground tissue.

Question 35

Dermal tissue

Answer 35

covers and protects the plant. includes epidermis and modified cells like guard cells, root hairs and cells that produce a waxy cuticle.

Question 36

Vascular tissue

Answer 36

consists of xylem and phloem. Transport water and nutrients around the plant.

Question 37

pg 264

Answer 37

xylem