Ch. 12 Glycolysis and PDH

Question 1

Lactase cleaves _____ to _____ + _______

Answer 1

lactose => glucose + galactose

Question 2

Sucrase cleaves _____ to ______ + ______

Answer 2

sucrose => glucose + fructose

Question 3

glucose transporter found in adipose tissue and muscle

Answer 3

GLUT 4

Question 4

an increase in ______ will increase number of plasma membrane GLUT 4 transporters

Answer 4

insulin

Question 5

GLUT 1 - location

Answer 5

brain

red cells

Question 6

GLUT 2 - location

Answer 6

liver hepatocytes

pancreatic beta-cells

Question 7

GLUT 4 - location

Answer 7

skeletal muscle

adipose tissue

Question 9

3 most important enzymes of glycolysis:

Answer 9

1) hexokinase + glucokinase
2) PFK1 + PFK2
3) pyruvate kinase

Question 11

rate-limiting enzyme and main control point in glycolysis

Answer 11

PFK 1 - phosphofructokinase 1

Question 15

activators of PFK1

Answer 15

AMP - marker of low energy state (eg. MI)

Insulin - indirectly through PFK2

Question 16

inactivators of PFK1

Answer 16

ATP

citrate

Question 17

Hexokinase/glucokinase

Answer 17

Glucose —> Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 18

PFK1

Answer 18

Fructose-6P —> Fructose-1,6-bis-P

Question 19

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Answer 19

1) hemolytic anemia without Heinz Bodies - no pumping without ATP
2) increased 2,3-BPG (bisphosphoglycerate) - binds to Hb, lowering O2 affinity to Hb

Question 20

high-energy intermediates used to generate ATP by SLP

Answer 20

1) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

2) PEP-phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 21

glycolysis is irreversible in

Answer 21

1) hexokinase/glucokinase
2) PFK-1
3) pyruvate kinase

Question 22

Pyruvate Kinase

Answer 22

PEP —> pyruvate

Question 23

activator(s) of glucokinase

Answer 23

insulin

Question 24

negative-feedback on hexokinase

Answer 24

Glucose-6P

Question 27

activators of PFK2

Answer 27

insulin

Question 28

inactivators of PFK2

Answer 28

glucagon