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ch 12 Flashcards

1
Q

The two basic layers of radiographic film are the _____ and the _____.

A

base and emulsion

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2
Q

Modern radiographic film base is made of _____.

A

polyester

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3
Q

The main purpose of the gelatin emulsion in radiographic film is to _____.

A

hold the silver halide crystals

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4
Q

Crystals in film emulsion consist of _____ and _____.

A

silver bromide, silver iodide

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5
Q

Latent image formation occurs during film _____.

A

exposure

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6
Q

A contaminant in the silver halide crystal creates the _____.

A

sensitivity speck

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7
Q

Direct exposure film has a _____ emulsion and _____ silver halide crystals than screen-film

A

thicker, more

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8
Q

The latent image can be seen _____.

A

only after development

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9
Q

Film is made with double emulsion to enhance film _____.

A

speed

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10
Q

Storing film in very low humidity conditions can cause _____.

A

static artifacts

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11
Q

Heart of xray film

A

emulsion

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12
Q

overcoat protects from

A

scratching, oils from handling, etc

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13
Q

Latent Image is

A

unobservable until processed

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14
Q

Manifest image is

A

observable image

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15
Q

Specks attract____ during image formation

A

free silver ions

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16
Q

Photons that interact with film

A

light or xray photons

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17
Q

Optimally charged film has ____ silver atoms at each sensitivity speck

A

4-10

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18
Q

More silver atoms produce _____ film

A

overexposed

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19
Q

Less silver atoms produce ____ film

A

underexposed

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20
Q

Elephant example

A 
LONG trunk (long scale)
Needs to duck LOW (Low contrast)
Is GRAY
Is LARGE (large grains)
Is HIGH up (High Latitude)
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21
Q

Penguin example

A 
They are SHORT (Short scale)
Must jump HIGH (High contrast)
Are BLACK AND WHITE
Are SMALL (Small grains)
Are LOW to ground (Low contrast)
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22
Q

____ grains are more sensitive than _____ which are faster.

A

Large, Small

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23
Q

All films respond to what color light

A

Violet and blue

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24
Q

What colors do films respond to if sensitive to it

A

Green, Yellow, And Red

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25
Blue sensitive film uses _____ safelight
amber or red
26
Green sensitive film uses ____ safelight
red
27
Green and amber have similar _____
wavelengths
28
Intensity X Time =
constant optical density
29
Long or short exposure times will produce ____ speed
reduced
30
Direct exposure requires ____ times more radiation
10-100
31
Mammography uses ____ emulsion
single
32
High heat/humidity causes
fog
33
Low humidity/temperature causes
static
34
Maximum storage time for film
30 days
35
% of xrays that interact with film
1%
36
% of xrays that interact with screen
30%
37
Intensifying screen decreases ____ and increases ____
dose, image blur
38
protective coating is layer
closest to film
39
protective coating is ____ to light
transparent
40
phosphor is ____ layer of intensifying screen
active
41
Phosphor converts ____ to ____
xray bream, light
42
What does reflective layer do to light headed away from film
intercepts it and redirects it toward film
43
Base is ____ from film
furthest
44
Base is _____ support for phosphor layer
mechanical
45
Older screens were made of
calcium tungstate
46
Newer screens are made from
rare earth materials
47
Higher atomic # means higher
DQE
48
Conversion efficiency
amount of light emitted for each xray absorbed
49
Higher conversion efficiency, the _____ the patient dose
lower
50
higher conversion efficiency results in _____ noise
increased
51
luminescence
emission of visible light
52
2 types of luminescence
fluorescence, phosphorescence
53
Fluorescence
light emitted when phosphor is stimulated
54
Phosphorescence
light emitted during & after stimulation is terminated
55
Phosphorescence is called
afterglow
56
Relative # describes how
efficiently xrays are converted to light
57
MHLGGLL ex-chest
``` More quantum Higher speed Larger phosphor Greater thickness Greater efficiency Less detail Less technique ```
58
LLSLLMM ex-finger
``` Less quantum Lower speed Smaller phosphor Less thickness Less efficiency More detail More technique ```
59
Spatial resolution
Small objects with high subject contrast
60
When xrays interact w/ intensifying screen light is emitted ____
isotropically
61
Isotropic
equal intensity in all directions
62
Greater emulsion thickness, ____ spatial resolution
decreased
63
Great phosphor size, ____ spatial resolution
decreased
64
Direct exposure film is higher detail because of
no light spread

Physics (10 decks)

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