Ch 12

Question 1

Engineering Psychology

Answer 1

The pairing of human and machine.
the design of machines and equipment for human use and the determination of the appropriate human behaviors for the efficient operation of the machines.

Question 2

Negative appeal

Answer 2

indicates something bad will happen if you do not use the product. Do not work when consequences are overly unpleasant

Question 3

Auditory display

Answer 3

more compelling than a visual display because: our ears are always open, we can receive auditory info from al directions, our visual sense is often taxed to capacity.

Question 4

Auditory attention getting ability:

Answer 4

horns, whistles, sirens are greater than bells, buzzers, and human voice. It is only as good the human operator’s response to it

Question 5

Visual displays common error

Answer 5

to provide more input than the operator needs to run the system.

Question 6

Visual display types

Answer 6

quantitative, qualitative, check reading

Question 7

Quantitative visual display

Answer 7

present a precise numerical value. Speed, altitude, temperature. Analog or digital.

Question 8

Qualitative visual display

Answer 8

Appropriate when a precise numerical reading isn’t necessary. Car temperature.

Question 9

Check reading displays

Answer 9

simplest kind. Tells whether the system is on or off, safe or unsafe, operating normally or abnormally

Question 10

Logos

Answer 10

Refers to the internal consistency of the message–the clarity of the claim, the logic of its reasons, and the effectiveness of its supporting evidence. The impact of logos on an audience is sometimes called the argument’s logical appeal

Question 11

Burnout

Answer 11

a condition of job stress that results from overwork

Question 12

Hardiness

Answer 12

a personality variable that may explain individual differences in vulnerability to stress. Hardy people believe they can control the events in their lives and may be more resistant to stress

Question 13

Self esteem

Answer 13

A personality dimension relating to our assessment of our adequacy and worth with regard to our place in the employing organization

Question 14

Internal locus of control

Answer 14

job performance and work-related rewards are under their personal control, depending on their behavior. Higher job performance, satisfaction, motivated

Question 15

External locus of control

Answer 15

believe life is determined by other people and have higher levels of stress and burnout

Question 16

Hindrance based stress

Answer 16

Excessive job demand and constraints. Leads to frustration and low satisfaction.

Question 17

Challenge related stress

Answer 17

Time pressure and high levels of responsibility. Can lead to fulfillment and achievement

Question 18

Physiological changes with stress

Answer 18

adrenaline is released, heart rate increases, sugar is released into blood stream

Question 19

Males reaction to stress:

Answer 19

fight or flight

Question 20

Females reaction to stress (2)

Answer 20

Tending (nurturing activities designed to protect oneself and loved ones from stress)
Befriend - development of social groups or networks that defend against stress

Question 21

Cultural differences in parental guilt over work

Answer 21

Western individualist cultures feel more guilty than Eastern collectivist cultures because it is harder for eastern cultures to work and they see it as more necessary.

Question 22

Work family conflicts

Answer 22

Difficulties are greater for women. Independent of type of job and working conditions. Higher absences for blue color as opposed to white collar.

Question 23

Focus groups

Answer 23

Widely used survey method where paid participants in groups of 8 to 12 members meet to describe their reactions to products, advertisements, or issues. Face to face or virtual.

Question 24

Projective technique

Answer 24

Present applicants with an ambiguous stimulus such as an inkblot. The rationale is that people will project their thoughts, wishes, and feelings onto the stimulus in an effort to give it meaning. the Rorschach may help understand behavior – still low in reliability and validity

Question 25

Neuromarketing

Answer 25

Measures brain activity and functions in
response to advertising programs
Use (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). Researchers found they could predict other products participant would purchase based on changes in brainwave patterns

Question 26

Celebrity Endorsements

Answer 26

John Watson. It invites the audience to identify with that person’s success. Perceived expertise of the celebrities was positively related to buying intentions. celeb’s and hamburgers don’t mix as well as tennis pro’s and tennis rackets.

Question 27

Sex in advertising

Answer 27

High attention getting value. Low recall of the product. Women read women’s pics and men read men’s pics.

Question 28

trademark

Answer 28

can facilitate advertising because it serves as a symbol of the feelings and images associated with the product. Coca cola = picture

Question 29

image

Answer 29

often allied with a product’s trademark. ideas, thoughts, and feelings associated with the product’s personality. Successful image is one consumers will want to identify with.

Question 30

OBSE (organization-based self esteem)

Answer 30

is a personality dimension: our assessment of worth to the organization
High OBSE see themselves as important, effective & worthwhile. Low OBSE are more effected by stress and cope less

Question 31

Role conflict

Answer 31

a situation that arises when there is a disparity in job requirements or between a job’s demands and the employee’s personal standards

Question 32

work overload

Answer 32

too much work to perform in the time available (quantity) or that is too difficult for the employee (quality)

Question 33

Role Ambiguity

Answer 33

a situation that arises when job responsibilities are unstructured or poorly defined

Question 34

Healthy workaholism

Answer 34

5% content. supportive fams, autonomy and variety on the job, tasks that match their knowledge, skills and abilities

Question 35

organizational efforts at stress reduction

Answer 35

controlling the climate, providing control, defining employee roles, support, pets

Question 36

Controlling the climate (organizational stress relief)

Answer 36

allowing employees to participate in decisions about changes in work practices and org. structure

Question 37

providing control (organizational stress relief)

Answer 37

enriching, enlarging, and expanding jobs to provide greater responsibility and decision making authority

Question 38

Individual efforts to reduce stress

Answer 38

exercise, relaxation training, biofeedback

Question 39

Biofeedback

Answer 39

electronic measurement of physiological processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension. Turns into flashing lights or beeps.