Ch 12 Flashcards
Engineering Psychology
The pairing of human and machine.
the design of machines and equipment for human use and the determination of the appropriate human behaviors for the efficient operation of the machines.
Negative appeal
indicates something bad will happen if you do not use the product. Do not work when consequences are overly unpleasant
Auditory display
more compelling than a visual display because: our ears are always open, we can receive auditory info from al directions, our visual sense is often taxed to capacity.
Auditory attention getting ability:
horns, whistles, sirens are greater than bells, buzzers, and human voice. It is only as good the human operator’s response to it
Visual displays common error
to provide more input than the operator needs to run the system.
Visual display types
quantitative, qualitative, check reading
Quantitative visual display
present a precise numerical value. Speed, altitude, temperature. Analog or digital.
Qualitative visual display
Appropriate when a precise numerical reading isn’t necessary. Car temperature.
Check reading displays
simplest kind. Tells whether the system is on or off, safe or unsafe, operating normally or abnormally
Logos
Refers to the internal consistency of the message–the clarity of the claim, the logic of its reasons, and the effectiveness of its supporting evidence. The impact of logos on an audience is sometimes called the argument’s logical appeal
Burnout
a condition of job stress that results from overwork
Hardiness
a personality variable that may explain individual differences in vulnerability to stress. Hardy people believe they can control the events in their lives and may be more resistant to stress
Self esteem
A personality dimension relating to our assessment of our adequacy and worth with regard to our place in the employing organization
Internal locus of control
job performance and work-related rewards are under their personal control, depending on their behavior. Higher job performance, satisfaction, motivated
External locus of control
believe life is determined by other people and have higher levels of stress and burnout
Hindrance based stress
Excessive job demand and constraints. Leads to frustration and low satisfaction.
Challenge related stress
Time pressure and high levels of responsibility. Can lead to fulfillment and achievement
Physiological changes with stress
adrenaline is released, heart rate increases, sugar is released into blood stream
Males reaction to stress:
fight or flight
Females reaction to stress (2)
Tending (nurturing activities designed to protect oneself and loved ones from stress)
Befriend - development of social groups or networks that defend against stress
Cultural differences in parental guilt over work
Western individualist cultures feel more guilty than Eastern collectivist cultures because it is harder for eastern cultures to work and they see it as more necessary.
Work family conflicts
Difficulties are greater for women. Independent of type of job and working conditions. Higher absences for blue color as opposed to white collar.
Focus groups
Widely used survey method where paid participants in groups of 8 to 12 members meet to describe their reactions to products, advertisements, or issues. Face to face or virtual.
Projective technique
Present applicants with an ambiguous stimulus such as an inkblot. The rationale is that people will project their thoughts, wishes, and feelings onto the stimulus in an effort to give it meaning. the Rorschach may help understand behavior – still low in reliability and validity
Neuromarketing
Measures brain activity and functions in
response to advertising programs
Use (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). Researchers found they could predict other products participant would purchase based on changes in brainwave patterns
Celebrity Endorsements
John Watson. It invites the audience to identify with that person’s success. Perceived expertise of the celebrities was positively related to buying intentions. celeb’s and hamburgers don’t mix as well as tennis pro’s and tennis rackets.
Sex in advertising
High attention getting value. Low recall of the product. Women read women’s pics and men read men’s pics.
trademark
can facilitate advertising because it serves as a symbol of the feelings and images associated with the product. Coca cola = picture
image
often allied with a product’s trademark. ideas, thoughts, and feelings associated with the product’s personality. Successful image is one consumers will want to identify with.
OBSE (organization-based self esteem)
is a personality dimension: our assessment of worth to the organization
High OBSE see themselves as important, effective & worthwhile. Low OBSE are more effected by stress and cope less
Role conflict
a situation that arises when there is a disparity in job requirements or between a job’s demands and the employee’s personal standards
work overload
too much work to perform in the time available (quantity) or that is too difficult for the employee (quality)
Role Ambiguity
a situation that arises when job responsibilities are unstructured or poorly defined
Healthy workaholism
5% content. supportive fams, autonomy and variety on the job, tasks that match their knowledge, skills and abilities
organizational efforts at stress reduction
controlling the climate, providing control, defining employee roles, support, pets
Controlling the climate (organizational stress relief)
allowing employees to participate in decisions about changes in work practices and org. structure
providing control (organizational stress relief)
enriching, enlarging, and expanding jobs to provide greater responsibility and decision making authority
Individual efforts to reduce stress
exercise, relaxation training, biofeedback
Biofeedback
electronic measurement of physiological processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension. Turns into flashing lights or beeps.
