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Physics Final Review > Ch 12-16 Review > Flashcards

Ch 12-16 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Type of focusing that varies the number of crystals being fired in a segment

A. Transmit focusing 
B. Dynamic receive focusing 
C. Aperture focusing 
D. Mechanical focusing 
E. Lens focusing
A

Aperture focusing

Same as diameter

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2
Q

Which of the following transducers creates a sector image shape? (More than one)

A. Linear Sequential
B. Linear Phased Array
C. Annular Array
D. Curved Array

A

Linear Phased Array and Annular Array

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3
Q

Array of rectangular elements in a straight line. Which term describes this transducer?

A. Annular Array
B. Curved Array 
C. Oscillating Mechanical Array 
D. Linear Array 
E. Convex Sequence Array
A

D. Linear array

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4
Q

What method of focusing is used to focus in the Z Axis for a linear transducer?

A. Transmit focusing 
B. Dynamic receive focusing 
C. Aperture focusing 
D. Mechanical focusing 
E. None of the Above
A

D. Mechanical focusing

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5
Q

What transducer produces a symmetric beam in all directions?

A. Annular Array
B. Curved Array
C. Convex Array
D. Lens

A

A. Annular array

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6
Q

The ultrasound system we use has a small footprint, what is the disadvantage?

A

The focusing degrades at a depth of twice the the transducer aperture

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7
Q

Sector display with a pointed top, what transducer was used?

A. Linear array 
B. Phased array 
C. Curved array 
D. Annular array 
E. Mechanical sector
A

B. Phased array

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8
Q

Linear array transducer with 4 focal zones requires how many pulses on each vector to create an image?

A

4

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9
Q

Adjustable focusing while scanning with curved linear array with what type of focusing?

A. Dynamic receive 
B. Dynamic aperture 
C. Multi zone transmit 
D. Mechanical internal 
E. Mechanical external
A

C. Multizone transmit

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10
Q

Which of the following is electronically focused but mechanically steered?

A. Segmental linear array
B. Annular array
C. Switched linear array
D. Phased linear array

A

B. Annular Array

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11
Q

Transducer that has the same measurement for elevational and lateral resolution?

A

Annular array

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12
Q

Examine a thyroid mass, which transducer had the thinnest slice of beam closest to the depth of the mass. Determine the location of the sound beam in the out of plane dimension

A. At the point of mechanical focus 
B. At the point of electronic focus
C. Beam width the same throughout image 
D. In the far field 
E. Depth of half the transducer aperture
A

A. At the point of mechanical focusing

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13
Q

Which transducer produces an image in a rectangular format?

A

Linear Array

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14
Q

You are examining a small hyperechoic focus in the gallbladder with no distal shadowing. What can you do to aid visualization?

A. Move focal zone down 
B. Increase acoustic power 
C. Increase the frequency 
D. Increase the dynamic range 
E. Decrease scan line density
A

C. Increase the frequency

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15
Q

You are scanning a phantom with small, spherical, cystic structures. What type of resolution is the best?

A. Axial 
B. Lateral 
C. Contrast 
D. Elevational 
E. Temporal
A

D. Elevational

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16
Q

Which transducer will decrease slice thickness of a beam?

A. Linear with multiple rows of crystals 
B. Phased array with small footprint 
C. Curved array with steep curvature 
D. Mechanical sector 
E. Phased linear array
A

A. Linear array with multiple rows of elements

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17
Q

Dynamic receive focusing uses:

A. Mechanical means to focus
B. Time delays to excite crystal
C. Variable number of elements to form pulsed beam
D. Delay lines after echoes are detected in crystal elements
E. Aperture variation with depth

A

D. Delay lines after echoes are detected in crystal elements

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18
Q

Which of the following describes a phased array transducer?

A

Electronically focused along the length of the array, mechanically focused along the width, and electronically steered

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19
Q

Which transducer has the same line density in the near and far field?

A. Convex array
B. Phased array
C. Curvilinear array
D. Segmental linear array

A

D. Segmental linear array

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20
Q

Which of the following minimizes the degree to which beam width varies with depth?

A. Apodization 
B. Dynamic aperture 
C. Coprocessing 
D. Rectification 
E. Frame averaging
A

B. Dynamic aperture

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21
Q

Ability to distinguish between adjacent structures producing echoes of similar amplitude is called:

A. Spatial resolution 
B. Axial resolution 
C. Lateral resolution 
D. Temporal resolution 
E. Contrast resolution
A

E. Contrast resolution

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22
Q

The transducer is an array. What is the advantage?

A

Electronic focusing and steering

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23
Q

What method is used to improve frame rate with multi zone electronic focusing?

A. Apodization 
B. Parallel processing 
C. F number focusing 
D. Low q transducer 
E. Dynamic receive focusing
A

B. Parallel processing

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24
Q

What type of focusing is characterized by a value known as the f number?

A. Aperture focusing
B. Transmit focusing
C. Dynamic receive focusing
D. Mechanical focusing

A

C. Aperture focusing

25
Q

Operator control of transmit focal depth:

A. Linear array 
B. Convex array 
C. Phased array 
D. Annular array 
E. Any of the Above
A

Any of the above

26
Q

Abdomen sonogram with the largest field of view in the near field and at a specific depth, which transducer would you select?

A. Linear sequential array 
B. Convex array 
C. Phased array 
D. Linear segmental array 
E. All of the Above
A

B. Convex array

27
Q

You are using a linear phased array for scanning the thyroid. How many pulses per cycle on a modern day ultrasound machine?

A. 1-3
B. 3-6
C. 6-9
D. 9-12

A

A. 1-3

28
Q

Which probe would be helpful with intercostal views?

A. Curved linear array
B. Sequential linear array
C. Phased array
D. Large Aperture

A

C. Phased array

29
Q

What is the advantage of using a transvaginal probe?

A

Closer to the area of interest, higher frequency, superior spatial resolution

30
Q

How is the beam focused with a single element transducer?

A. Electronic phasing 
B. Dynamic aperture 
C. Delay lines upon receiver 
D. Curved element 
E. Single element can't be focused
A

D. Curved element

31
Q

Use stand off pad to evaluate superficial breast mass. What’s the purpose?

A

Increase distance making it close to the out of the plane focus

32
Q

What array fires all elements at once with very small differences to create the beam?

A. Linear segmental array
B. Convex array
C. Annular array
D. Phased array

A

D. Phased array

33
Q

Transducer used for small parts imaging:

A

Linear array

34
Q

Transducer used for cardiac imaging:

A

Phased array

35
Q

What improves temporal resolution?

A

Increase PRF

36
Q

These will all decrease temporal resolution except:

A. Decrease frequency
B. Increase depth of view
C. Multi focusing
D. Narrow sector

A

D. Narrow sector

37
Q

Increase line density from 1 to 3 lines per degree of sector, what’s the consequence?

A

Decrease temporal resolution

38
Q

Reduce sector angle from 90 to 30 and increase line density from 1 to 2, what happens to frame rate?

A

Increase

39
Q

What is the most important factor in determining frame rate?

A

Depth of view

Or propagation speed

40
Q

What’s the frame rate created by 0.02 sec (1/50 sec)?

A

50 Hz

Reciprocal

41
Q

Time needed to make an image of 20 Hz?

A

0.05 s

42
Q

Imaging depth is 15 cm and 100 lines, the number of pulses making up the image is 100.

True or False

A

True

43
Q

Shorter PRP will have better temporal resolution.

True or False

A

True

44
Q

Data converted into b mode to image data through:

A

Receiver and Scan converter

45
Q

Brightness is directly related to the strength of the beam

True or false

A

True

46
Q

What makes gray scale possible?

A

Scan converter

47
Q

Analog to digital image is stored in:

A

Discrete levels

48
Q

5 bits, how many shades of gray?

A

32

49
Q

Spatial resolution of scan converter is dependent on:

A

Number of pixels in scan converter matrix

50
Q

Digital to analog conversion occurs at:

A

Between scan converter and display

51
Q

Interpolation:

A

Fills in empty pixels between scan lines

52
Q

What colors?

A

Red, green, blue

53
Q

Magneto optical storage, all of the following except…

A

Images are stored in real time making video taping obsolete

54
Q

Typical TV display:

A

Interlaced

55
Q

Analog signal:

A

Continuous variation of signal is possible

56
Q

1-100 volts. What is the dynamic range?

A

40 db

20 db per 0

57
Q

Narrow dynamic range, more shades of grey.

True or false

A

False

58
Q

Wider dynamic range, lower contrast

True or false

A

True

Physics Final Review (1 decks)

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