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Science > Ch. 12&13 > Flashcards

Ch. 12&13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

a. each with two new strands
b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
c. each with one new strand and one original strand
d. each with two original strands

A

c. each with one new strand and one original strand

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1
Q

During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the

a. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA
b. anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA
c. anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA
d. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

A

d. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

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2
Q

Most mutations

a. have no effect on an organism
b. are fatal to an organism
c. are helpful to an organism
d. are harmful to an organism

A

a. have no effect on an organism

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3
Q

Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of

a. adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules
b. thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules
c. adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules
d. cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules

A

b. thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules

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4
Q

During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces with the bases

a. TCGAAC
b. GATCCA
c. AGCTTG
d. GAUCCA

A

b. GATCCA

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5
Q

The table in Figure 12-3 shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four bases in the DNA of several different organisms. Some of the values are missing from the table. Based on Charaff’s rule, the percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should be around

a. 28.8%
b. 19.9%
c. 21.5%
d. 13.4%

A

c. 21.5%

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6
Q

What happens during translation?

a. Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code
b. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins
c. Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code
d. Copies of DNA molecules are made

A

b. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins

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7
Q

What happens during translation?

a. Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code.
b. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins.
c. Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code
d. Copies of DNA molecules are made

A

b. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins.

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8
Q

What type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?

a. rRNA
b. tRNA
c. mRNA
d. RNA polymearse

A

c. mRNA

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9
Q

Unlike DNA, RNA contains

a. adenine
b. uracil
c. phosphate groups
d. thymine

A

b. uracil

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10
Q

What do bacteriophages infect?

a. mice
b. humans
c. viruses
d. bacteria

A

d. bacteria

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11
Q

A mutations that involves one or a few nucleotides is called

a. mutagen
b. an inversion
c. a point mutation
d. a translation

A

c. a point mutation

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12
Q

What stores information in a cell?

a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. DNA

A

d. DNA

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13
Q

Which part of the bacteriophage in Figure 12-1 contains genetic material?

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D

A

b. B

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14
Q

Which of the following is true?

a. RNA is usually single-stranded
b. DNA is usually single stranded
c. DNA contains uracil
d. RNA contains thymine

A

a. RNA is usually single-stranded

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15
Q

What did Avery conclude caused transformation?

a. DNA was the transforming factor
b. A protein was the transforming factor
c. A carbohydrate was the transforming factor
d. A lipid was the transforming factor

A

a. DNA was the transforming factor

16
Q

Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?

a. protein to DNA to RNA
b. RNA to DNA to protein
c. DNA to RNA to protein
d. RNA to protein to DNA

A

c. DNA to RNA to protein

17
Q

Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?

a. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
b. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
c. phosphate groups, guanine and cytosine
d. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine

A

c. phosphate groups, guanine and cytosine

18
Q

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens

a. before cell divison
b. in the nucleus
c. only to telomeres
d. around the histones

A

a. before cell divison

19
Q

In what way is DNA like a book?

a. DNA has information organized with an kind of index
b. DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on
c. DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover
d. DNA has information that is periodically updated

A

b. DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on

20
Q

RNA contains the sugar

a. ribose
b. deoxyribose
c. glucose
d. lactose

A

a. ribsose

21
Q

There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true?

a. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid
b. Each codon specifies a different amino acid
c. Some amino acids have no link to a codon
d. Each amino acid is specified by only one codon

A

a. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid

22
Q

What happens when a piece of DNA is missing?

a. Genetic information is stored
b. Genetic information is copied
c. Genetic information is lost
d. Genetic information is transmitted

A

c. Genetic information is lost

23
Q

From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

a. tRNA
b. rRNA
c. DNA
d. proteins

A

d. proteins

24
Q

One difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation is that

a. a gene mutation affects the DNA of more genes than a chromosomal mutation
b. A gene mutation can involve a insertion or deletion, but cannot result in a framshift.
c. A chromosomal mutation can change the number of chromosomes in a cell
d. A chromosomal mutation is more likely to be passed on to offspring or daughter cells.

A

c. A chromosomal mutation can change the number of chromosomes in a cell

25
Q

Griffith called the process he observed transformation because

a. the mouse has been transformed
b. the harmful bacteria had been transformed
c. the harmless bacteria had been transformed
d. the experiment has been transformed

A

c. the harmless bacteria had been transformed

26
Q

What property of DNA does does bacterial transformation illustrate?

a. Bacterial DNA cannot move into other bacteria and function
b. Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function
c. Bacterial DNA uses four nucleotides bases that work in pairs
d. Bacterial DNA is found in a circular chromosome

A

b. Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function

27
Q

Figure 12-2 shows the structure of

a. a DNA molcule
b. an amino acid
c. a RNA molecule
d. a protein

A

a. a DNA molecule

28
Q

Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?

a. inversion
b. insertion
c. point mutation
d. substitution

A

a. inversion

29
Q

According to Figure 13-2, what codons specify the amino acid glycine?

A

GGG
GGA
GGC
GGU

30
Q

Describe the functions of the three kinds of RNA illustrated in Figure 13-8

A

mRNA brings the message to be read
tRNA brings the amino acids and reads the message
rRNA tells the stop and start

31
Q

In which experiments in Figure 12-11 do the mice live?

A

2,3

32
Q

What would if Griffith took some of the bacteria from Experiment 4 in Figure 12-11, grew them on culture plates, killed them with heat and mixed them with harmless bacteria? How could he test this hypothesis?

A

The DNA would still be passed to the harmless bacteria and he could test this by injecting it into the mice to see if they live.

33
Q

What happened to the bacteria and the mice in experiment 4, in figure 12-11?

A

The bacteria passed their harmful DNA, then it was passed to the mice which killed the mice in the end.

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