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ULTRASOUND PHYSICS > Ch 12-13 > Flashcards

Ch 12-13 Flashcards

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1
Q

. When looking at images produced by these transducer systems, which one can be distinguished from all the others?
A. linear phased array
B. linear switched array
C. annular phased array
D. mechanical transducer

A

B

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2
Q

What is the advantage of using a 11/2-dimensional array transducer?
A. improved elevational resolution
B. improved lateral resolution
C. improved axial resolution
D. improved temporal resolution

A

A

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3
Q

Which transducer possesses the best slice thickness resolution?
A. linear phased arrays
B. 2-D arrays
C. 11/2 dimensional arrays
D. linear sequential arrays

A

C

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4
Q

The excitation of array elements with dissimilar voltages is called _____ and is used to ________________
A. dynamic aperture, reduce refraction
B. subdicing, eliminate lobes
C. apodization, remove flash artifact
D. apodization, reduce lobe artifact

A

D

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following will improve a system’s temporal resolution?
    A. increased sector angle
    B. increased line density
    C. increased PRF
    D. increased frequency
A

C

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6
Q
  1. An ultrasound system with longer pulse duration will generally have better temporal resolution.
    A. True
    B. False
A

B

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7
Q
  1. The length of a pulse does not directly influence the temporal resolution.
    A. True
    B. False
A

A

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8
Q
  1. Two imaging systems produce acoustic pulses; one pulse is 0.4 psec long and the other is 0.2 psec long. Which is most likely to provide the best temporal resolution?
    A. 0.4 psec system
    B. 0.2 psec system
    C. they are the same
    D. cannot be determined
A

D

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9
Q
  1. An ultrasound system with a shorter pulse repetition period (PRP) will have better temporal resolution than a system with a longer PRP.
    A. True
    B. False
A

A

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10
Q
  1. What is the primary disadvantage of multiple focal zones along each scan line of a two-dimensional image?
    A. improved temporal resolution
    B. decreased temporal resolution
    C. improved lateral resolution
    D. improved longitudinal resolution
A

B

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11
Q
  1. What is the primary advantage of multiple focal zones along each scan line of a two-dimensional image?
    A. improved temporal resolution
    B. decreased temporal resolution
    C. improved lateral resolution
    D. improved longitudinal resolution
A

C

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12
Q
  1. Which choice will result in increased frame rate and temporal resolution?
    A. decreased propagation speed
    B. decreased sector size
    C. decreased lateral resolution
    D. decreased pulse repetition frequency
A

B

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13
Q
  1. With sector scanning, images with greater detail (spatial resolution) are created when the number of acoustic pulses per degree of sector is increased.
    A. True
    B. False
A

A

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14
Q
  1. The best temporal resolution?
    A. B-scanning
    B. duplex imaging
    C. color flow imaging
    D. M-mode
A

D

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15
Q

A sonographer reduced the sector size from 90 degrees to 30 degrees. Frame rate, however, did not change. What else happened?
A. imaging depth decreased
B. pulse duration increased
C. multi-focus was turned on
D. PRF was increased

A

C

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16
Q
  1. Mechanical scanning produces pictures that are similar in shape to linear phased array images.
    A. True
    B. False.
A

A

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17
Q
  1. Many active elements fire at almost the same time in a mechanical scanner.
    A. True
    B. False.
A

B

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18
Q
  1. True or False. Many active elements fire at almost the same time in a phased array scanner.
    A. True
    B. False.
A

A

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following transducers is best described as mechanically steered and fixed, single focused?
    A. annular phased array
    B. annular array
    C. mechanical
    D. linear phased
A

C

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20
Q
  1. Which of the following is best described as mechanically steered and multi-focus?
    A. annular phased array transducer
    B. annular sequential array transducer
    C. mechanical transducer
    D. linear phased transducer​
A

A

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21
Q
  1. Which of the following transducers creates a rectangular shaped image?
    A. annular phased array
    B. linear sequential array
    C. Mechanical
    D. Annular array
A

B

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22
Q
  1. A linear phased array transducer has 128 crystals. How many of these crystals are fired to create a single sound beam?
    A. 1
    B. a small group
    C. a large group
    D. 128​
A

D

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23
Q
  1. A linear sequential array transducer has 128 crystals. How many of these crystals are fired to create a single sound beam?
    A. 1
    B. a small group
    C. a large group
    D. 128​
A

B

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24
Q
  1. There are large time delays in the firing pattern of a linear phased array transducer.​
    A. True
    B. False.
A

B

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25
Q
  1. A machine that displays A-mode and two-dimensional images is called a duplex scanner.​
    A. True
    B. False
A

B

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26
Q
  1. Which of the following improves elevational resolution?
    A. matrix array
    B. linear phased array
    C. one and one-half dimensional array
    D. two-dimensional array​
A

C

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27
Q
  1. Side lobes degrade axial resolution.​
    A. True
    B. False
A

B

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28
Q
  1. Side lobes degrade lateral resolution.
    A. True
    B. False
A

A

29
Q
  1. Which of the following is an advantage of 1 ½ dimensional arrays?
    A. good axial resolution
    B. reduced slice thickness
    C. ability to focus in the lateral plane
    D. can make large images
A

B

30
Q
  1. Mechanical scanning produces scan lines that separate or diverge with greater depth.
    A. True
    B. False
A

A

31
Q
  1. Linear arrays create sound beams that are parallel and remain evenly spaced at all depths.
    A. True
    B. False
A

A

32
Q
  1. The firing pattern that steers a beam left or right relates to _____________
    a. electronic slope.
    b. electronic curvature
    c. Both
    d. None
A

A

33
Q
  1. The firing pattern that focuses an ultrasound beam relates to ___________
    a. electronic slope.
    b. electronic curvature
    c. Both
    d. None
A

B

34
Q
  1. Which of the following best describes the sound beam of an annular phased array transducer?
    A. mechanically steered and focused
    B. electronically steered and focused
    C. mechanically steered and electronically focused
    D. electronically steered and mechanically focused
A

C

35
Q
  1. The firing delay patterns of a linear phased array transducer
    A. focus the sound beam during reception
    B. focus the sound beam during transmission
    C. improve axial resolution
    D. improve temporal resolution
A

B

36
Q
  1. Which of the following forms of resolution improve when frame rate increases?
    A. lateral
    B. longitudinal
    C. temporal
    D. spatial resolution
A

C

37
Q
  1. Which of the following is consistent with improved temporal resolution?
    A. color Doppler
    B. more gray shades
    C. more detail
    D. higher frame rate
A

D

38
Q
  1. All of the following decrease temporal resolution except:
    A. lower frame rate
    B. deeper imaging​
    C. multi-focus​
    D. narrower sector
A

D

39
Q
  1. A sonographer adjusts an ultrasound scan to double the depth of view from 5 cm to​rate and imaging depth are inversely 10 cm. What happens to the frame rate?​
    A. it is halved​
    B. it doubles​
    C. it increases from 5 to 10 Hz
    D. it is unchanged
A

A

40
Q
  1. A sonographer adjusts an ultrasound scan to double the depth of view from 5 cm to​10 cm. If the frame rate remains the same, which one of the following also occurs?​
    A. increased line density​
    B. wider sector​
    C. multi-focus imaging turned on​
    D. narrower sector
A

D

41
Q
  1. A sonographer adjusts an ultrasound machine to change the sector size from 90 to 45 degrees. Nothing else changes. What happens to the frame rate?
    A. it is doubled
    B. it remains unchanged
    C. it is halved
    D. it is tripled​
A

A

42
Q
  1. A sonographer adjusts an ultrasound system to change the sector size from 90 to 45 degrees. The frame rate was unchanged. What else must have happened?
    A. temporal resolution was doubled
    B. sector size was doubled
    C. line density was doubled
    D. imaging depth was halved
A

C

43
Q
  1. A sonographer, using a phased array ultrasound system, turns off the multi-focus feature. What is the most likely consequence of this action?
    A. frame rate decreases
    B. temporal resolution degrades
    C. imaging depth increases
    D. temporal resolution improves
A

D

44
Q
  1. A sonographer increases the line density from 1 line per degree of sector to 3 lines per degree of sector. What is the most likely consequence of this action?
    A. frame rate increases
    B. temporal resolution decreases
    C. imaging quality decreases
    D. temporal resolution increases
A

B

45
Q
  1. A sonographer reduces the sector angle from 90 degrees to 30 degrees. At the same time, the ultrasound system automatically increases the line density from 1 line per degree to 2 lines per degree. No other changes are made. What will happen to the frame rate?
    A. increases
    B. decreases
    C. remains unchanged​
A

A

46
Q
  1. A sonographer reduces the sector angle from 90 degrees to 30 degrees. At the same time, the ultrasound system automatically increases the line density from 1 line per degree to 3 lines per degree. No other changes are made. What will happen to temporal resolution?
    A. increases
    B. decreases
    C. remains unchanged​
A

C

47
Q
  1. Which of the following is most important in determining the frame rate of a system?
    A. depth of view
    B. dynamic range of the receiver
    C. transducer frequency
    D. transmitter output​
A

A

48
Q
  1. What is the frame rate if each image of the ultrasound system is created in 0.02 sec (1/50 sec)?
    A. 20 Hz
    B. 100 Hz
    C. 50 Hz
    D. 15 Hz​
A

C

49
Q
  1. What is the time needed to make a single image if the frame rate of an ultrasound system is 20 Hz?
    A. 1 s
    B. 0.02 s
    C. 0.05 s
    D. 15 Hz​
A

C

50
Q
  1. When the frame rate is 30 Hz, how long does it take to create a frame?
    A. 30 sec
    B. 3 sec
    C. 0.3 sec
    D. 1/30 sec
    E. 1/3 sec​
A

D

51
Q
  1. Under certain conditions, an ultrasound system creates each image in 0.01 seconds. What is the frame rate?
    A. 1 Hz
    B. 10 sec
    C. 100 Hz
    D. 200 Hz
    E. 0.02 Hz​
A

C

52
Q
  1. Which of the following will have no effect upon temporal resolution?
    A. increasing imaging depth
    B. increasing transducer frequency
    C. increasing # of foci
    D. decreasing imaging depth
    E. decreasing sector size
A

B

53
Q
  1. A sonographer adjusts the sector size from 90 degrees to 45 degrees. if nothing else is changed what happens to the frame rate
    A. It is halved
    B. It is doubled
    C. It is tripled
    D. No change
A

B

54
Q
  1. A sonographer adjusts the sector size from 45 degrees to 90 degrees. if nothing else is changed what happens to the frame rate
    A. It is halved
    B. It is doubled
    C. It is tripled
    D. No change
A

A

55
Q
  1. A sonographer adjusts the sector size from 90 degrees to 45 degrees. if nothing else is changed the frame rate is unchanged, what else might have happened
    A. Temporal resolution was doubled
    B. Sector size was halved
    C. Line density was doubled
    D. Imaging depth was halved
A

C

56
Q
  1. A sonographer using a phased array transducer, turned off the multi- focus feature what is the most likely consequence of this action
    A. Frame rate decreases
    B. Temporal resolution degrades
    C. Imaging depth increases
    D. Temporal resolution improves
A

D

57
Q
  1. A sonographer using a phased array transducer, turned on the multi- focus feature what is the most likely consequence of this action
    A. Frame rate decreases
    B. Temporal resolution is not affected
    C. Imaging depth increases
    D. Temporal resolution improves
A

A

58
Q
  1. A sonographer increased the line density from 1 line per degree sector to 3 lines per degree sector, what is the most likely consequence of this action
    A. Frame rate increases
    B. Temporal resolution degrades
    C. Imaging quality decreases
    D. Temporal resolution increases
A

B

59
Q
  1. A sonographer decreased the line density from 5 line per degree sector to1 lines per degree sector, what is the most likely consequence of this action
    A. Frame rate increases
    B. Temporal resolution degrades
    C. Imaging quality decreases
    D. Temporal resolution decreases
A

A

60
Q
  1. Which of the following will improve temporal resolution
    A. Increases the sector angle
    B. Increase line density
    C. Increases the PRF
    D. Increases frequency
A

C

61
Q
  1. During pulse transmission using a linear array transducer what method (s) is (are) used to provide focusing?
    A. Apodization
    B. Electronic
    C. Delay lines​
    D. All of the above
A

B

62
Q
  1. During pulse transmission using a mechanical transducer what method (s) is (are) used to provide focusing?
    A. Mechanical
    B. Electronic
    C. The focus is fixed
    D. None of the above
A

C

63
Q
  1. The effect on the image with a damaged crystal of the mechanical transducer
    A. Horizontal band
    B. Vertical drop out line
    C. Loss of image
    D. Erratic steering, focusing
    E. Poor steering and focusing
A

C

64
Q
  1. The effect on the image with a damaged crystal of the linear array
    A. Horizontal band
    B. Vertical drop out line
    C. Loss of image
    D. Erratic steering, focusing
    E. Poor steering and focusing
A

C

65
Q
  1. The effect on the image with a damaged crystal of the annular array
    A. Horizontal band
    B. Vertical drop out line
    C. Loss of image
    D. Erratic steering, focusing
    E. Poor steering and focus
A

B

66
Q
  1. The effect on the image with a damaged crystal of the convex array
    A. Horizontal band
    B. Vertical drop out line
    C. Erratic steering, focusing
    D. Poor steering and focusing
    E. None of the above
A

B

67
Q
  1. The effect on the image with a damaged crystal of the linear phased array
    A. Horizontal band
    B. Vertical drop out line
    C. Loss of image
    D. Erratic steering, focusing
    E. Poor steering and focusing
A

D

68
Q
  1. The effect on the image with a damaged crystal of the vector transducer
    A. Horizontal band
    B. Vertical drop out line
    C. Loss of image
    D. Erratic steering, focusing
    E. Poor steering and focusing
A

E

ULTRASOUND PHYSICS (7 decks)

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