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CH Flashcards

1
Q

Define Gastroesophageal Reflux

A

Normal Physiological Process (1st Year)

Inappropriate Relaxation of LES

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2
Q

When does GER Resolve

A

Resolves Spontaneously 12 Months of Age

Maturation of LES

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3
Q

What causes GER?

A

Functional Immaturity
Fluids Diet
Horizontal Posture
Short intra-abdominal esophageal length

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4
Q

Pathophysiology of GER

A

Transient LES Relaxations

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5
Q

Complications of GERD

A

FTT
Esophagitis
Adenocarcinoma / Barretts
Sandifer Syndrome (Dystonic Neck Posturing)

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6
Q

Neonatal Period

A

First 4 Weeks of Life

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7
Q

Stillbirth

A

Death after 24 Weeks Gestation

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8
Q

Still Birth Rate

A

Deaths after 24 Weeks / 1000 Births

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9
Q

Perinatal Mortality Rate

A

Still Birth + 1st Week Deaths / 1000

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10
Q

Neonatal Mortality rate

A

First 4 Weeks Deaths / 1000 Births

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11
Q

Normal Neonate Weight

A

2.5 - 4 Kg

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12
Q

Normal Neonate Length

A

50 Cm

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13
Q

Normal Neonate Head Circumference

A

35 Cm

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14
Q

What is given to the newborn regarding eyes

A

Erythromycin (First 72 Hours)

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15
Q

Which Period of time is jaundice pathologic

A

First 24 Hours

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16
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Inability of body to convert phenylalanine into tyrosine

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17
Q

Classical PKU

A

Mental Disability + Seizures

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18
Q

Medium chain acyl coa dehydrogenase deficiency

A

Impaired ability to breakdown medium chain fa into acetyl coa
Build up of medium chain fats

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19
Q

When is parenteral nutrition indicated

A

Preterms < 1.5 Kg

Enteral contraindicated

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20
Q

When does a mature suckling pattern develop?

A

32 / 34 Weeks

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21
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Criteria

A

PPV First 2 Weeks

Abnormally Respiratory Function

Requires Supplemental oxygen (28+ Days) to maintain PaO2 > 50

Chest Radiograph

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22
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Management

A

Corticosteroids

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23
Q

Apnea

A 
No Respiration 
20+ Seconds
or
Bradycardia (<100)
or
Cyanosis
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24
Q

Apnea Management

A 
Monitoring
Physical Stimulation
Bag + Mask Ventilation
Suctioning
Neck Positioning
Caffeine Citrate
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25
Q

Vaccinations at Birth

A

Hepatitis B
BCG
OPV

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26
Q

Vaccinations at 2 Months (6)

A

Pentavalent Vaccine

OPV

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27
Q

Vaccinations at 4 Months (6)

A

Pentavalent
OPV
IPV

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28
Q

Vaccinations at 6 Months (5)

A

Pentavalent

OPV

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29
Q

Vaccinations at 9 Months

A

OPV

Vitamin A

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30
Q

Vaccinations at 12 Months

A

MMR

OPV

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31
Q

Vaccinations at 18 Months (4)

A

OPV
DPT
MMR
Vitamin A

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32
Q

Diphtheria Disease

A

Toxin Producing Bacteria

Spread by Droplets

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33
Q

Diphtheria Disease Presentation

A

Gray Membrane Across Throat

Paralysis of Cardiac / Skeletal Muscles

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34
Q

Pertussis Disease

A 
Respiratory Illness
Chest infection 
Convulsions
Brain Damage
Subconjunctival Hemorrhages (Coughing)
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35
Q

Pertussis and Pregnant Women Vaccination

A

Boostric (dTap / IPV)

Between 28 - 38 Weeks

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36
Q

Difference between OPV / IPV

A

OPV - Live Attenuated

IPV - Killed

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37
Q

Which vaccine is protective against TB?

A

BCG

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38
Q

When to give Hib Vaccine ?

A

2 / 4 / 6 / 12-15

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39
Q

Define Short Stature Percentile

A

Less than 3rd Percentile

Below 2SD

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40
Q

Familial Short Stature vs Constitutional

A

Familial (BA = CA > Height Age)

Constitutional (CA > BA = Height Age)

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41
Q

Type of short stature in Achondroplasia

A

Disproportionate short stature

42
Q

Define Overweight

A

BMI 85 - 95

1.5 - 2 SD

43
Q

Define Obese

A

> 95th Percentile

> 2 SD

44
Q

Features of Prader - Willi

A 
Epicanthal Folds (Asian Eyes)
Almond Shaped Eyes
Flat Bridge
Smooth Philtrum
Thin Upper Lip
45
Q

Precocious Puberty

A

Males - Less than 9

Females - Less than 8

46
Q

True Central Precocious Puberty

A

Increased LH / FSH / Test or Est

47
Q

Mild / Moderate Asthma Emergency Treatment

A 
Beta Agonist (Spacer)
Oral Steroids
48
Q

Mild / Moderate Asthma Treatment (No Improvement)

A 
Beta Agonist (Nebulized)
Ipratoprium
IV Infusion MG
Aminophylline
Salbutamol
49
Q

Severe Asthma Treatment

A

High Flow Oxygen
Beta Agonist (Nebulizer)
Ipratropium (Nebulizer)
IV Steroids

50
Q

Severe asthma treatment (No Improvement)

A

IV Infusion

Bronchodilator

51
Q

Adrenaline Dosage in Anaphylaxis

A

12+ YO / Adults - 500 micrograms (0.5mL)
6-12 YO - 300 micrograms (0.3mL)
Less than 6 YO - 150 micrograms (0.15mL)
Intramuscular

52
Q

IV Fluid Challenge Anaphylaxis

A

Adult 500-1000

Child 20 ml/kg

53
Q

Chlorphenamine Anaphylaxis

A

12+ YO - 10 mg
6-12YO - 5 mg
6m - 6YO - 2.5 mg
Less than 6 months - 250 micrograms / kg

54
Q

Hydrocortisone Anaphylaxis

A

12+ - 200
6-12 - 100
6m-6 - 50
<6M - 25

55
Q

Treatment of Neonatal Seizures (First Line)

A

Phenobarbital
Loading - (20 mg/ kg IV over 30 Mins)
Maintenance (2.5-5 mg/kg) 24 Hours after Loading

56
Q

Neonatal Seizures Second / Third Line

A

Second - Phenytoin

Third -Clonazepam

57
Q

Management of Febrile Infant (Red in Classification)

A

Refer to pediatrician

58
Q

Management of Febrile under 3 Months

A

Under 1 Month - Parenteral Ab
1 - 3 Months unwell - Parenteral Ab
WCC < 5000 or > 15000

59
Q

Lice Treatment

A

Gamma Benzene Hexachloride
Permethrin
Malathion

60
Q

Achondroplasia Gene Mutation

A

FGFR3 Gene on chromosome 4

61
Q

Marfan Syndrome mutation

A

Fibrillin 1

62
Q

When should pregnant women be vaccinated rubella ?

A

28 Days before planning to get pregnant

63
Q

Iron Deficiency Prevention

A

2mg/kg/day

Max Weight 30 Kg

64
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia (Treatment)

A

6mg/kg/day
(Max 30 Kg)
(3* Prevention Dose)

65
Q

Vitamin D Deficiency Prevention

A

400-600 IU/Day

66
Q

Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment

A

<1 Month - 1000 Units Daily One Month
1 - 6 Months - 3000 Units Daily One Month
>6 Months - 6000 Units Daily One Month
+ 500 mg/d Calcium

67
Q

Vitamin A Supplementation with vaccines (Deficiency Prevention)

A

12 Months - 100,000 IU

18 Months - 200,000 IU

68
Q

Vitamin A Deficiency Treatment

A 
< 3 Years - 600 mcg (2k IU)
4 - 8 YO - 900mcg (3k IU)
9 - 13 YO - 1700mcg (6k IU)
14 - 18 YO - 2800mcg (9k IU)
18 + YO - 3000mcg (10k IU)
69
Q

Underweight Definition

A

Weight for Age < - 2 SD

70
Q

Stunting Definition

A

Height for Age < - 2 SD

Stunt - Short

71
Q

Wasting Defintion

A

Weight for Height < -2 SD

72
Q

Overweight

A

Weight for Height > +2 SD

73
Q

Define Severe Acute Malnutrition

A

Edema of Both Feet
Severe Wasting < -3 SD
Mid UA Circumference < 115 mm
(One or More of Following)

74
Q

Marasmus

A

Most Common
20% weight loss
Skin / Bones Appearance

75
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Oedema (Kersh)
Hyperkeratosis
Pigmented Hair
Angular Stomatitis

76
Q

Define Caput Succedaneum

A

Edema of Subcutaneous Tissues
Crosses Suture Lines
Disappears after two days
No management

77
Q

Subgaleal Hemorrhage

A

Blood under aponeurosis
Crosses Suture Lines
Disappears in weeks
Blood transfusion in cases of anemia

78
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

Blood between periosteum / bones
Doesn’t Cross Suture Lines
Disappears in weeks
Blood Transfusion

79
Q

Erbs Palsy Nerves

A

C5 / C6

80
Q

Klumpke’s Paralysis Nerve Affection

A

C8 / T1

81
Q

Reflexes affected in Erb / Klumpke

A

Erb’s - Absent Moro’s

Klumpke’s - Absent Grasp

82
Q

Erb’s Paralysis Management

A

Resolves by 2/3 Months

Doesn’t Resolve - Refer to Surgeon

83
Q

Phrenic Nerve Palsy

A

Diaphragm Paralysis

84
Q

Facial Nerve Palsy

A

Compression of Facial Nerve during delivery

Resolves Spontaneously within weeks

85
Q

Clavicle Fracture

A

Moro Reflex Absent
Reduced Arm Movement
Mono Reflex Absent

86
Q

Early treatment of PKU

A

Phe < 400 In Early Childhood

Near Normal IQ

87
Q

PKU Treatment Strategies

A 
Enzyme Enhancement (Sapropterin)
Enzyme Replacement (Palynziq)
88
Q

Contact Dermatitis Treatment

A

Topical Barrier Ointment
or
Petrolatum / Zinc Oxide

89
Q

ADHD Treatment

A

Methylpenidate

90
Q

When to refer Bronchiolitis Case to Hospital

A

Feeding 50 - 75 Percent
Respiratory Rate 60+ (Red)
Clinical Dehydration

91
Q

Meningitis Medications

A

< 3 Months - Cefotaxime + Amoxicillin

> 3 Months - Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone

92
Q

Cyanotic + Single Loud S2

A

TGA

93
Q

Getting Back to School Measles

A

4 Days After Rash onset

94
Q

Getting Back to School Rubella

A

5 Days after rash onset

95
Q

Getting Back to School Whooping Cough

A

48 Hours after taking antibiotics

96
Q

Getting back to school scarlet fever

A

24 Hours after starting antibiotics

97
Q

Getting back to school diarrhea / vomitting

A

After symptoms settle by 48 hours

98
Q

Croup Management Dose

A

0.15 mg/kg

99
Q

Biliary Atresia Bilirubin

A

Elevated Conjugated Bilirubin

BC

100
Q

Ebstein Anomaly

A

Lithium Use in Pregnancy

Atrialised Ventricle

101
Q

Hand Foot Mouth Disease Organism

A

Coxsackie Virus

Hand Foot Mouth Cock

102
Q

ASD Features

A

A Split Double - Splitting second heart sound

Y5 (6 decks)

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