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S3 Geography > Ch 11.5 Extra Advantages and limitations of renewable energy resources > Flashcards

Ch 11.5 Extra Advantages and limitations of renewable energy resources Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the four renewable energy resources

A

Solar power, wind power, hydroelectric power, biofuels

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2
Q

Name three advantages of solar power

A

Clean, Renewable and Low running costs.

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3
Q

Explain why is solar energy clean

A

It produces no pollutants and greenhouse gases.

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4
Q

Explain why solar power has low running costs.

A

Solar power can be tapped when there is sunshines. Reducing the expenses on purchasing fossil fuels.

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5
Q

Name the limitations of solar power.

A

High manufacturing and installation costs, highly weather dependent mode of power generation, brings other environmental impacts, special site requirements.

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6
Q

Explain why solar power needs high manufacturing and installation costs.

A

The manufacturing cost of solar panels is high and the solar panels have a short life and needs to be replaced. This adds to the running costs.

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7
Q

Explain why solar energy is highly weather dependent mode of power generation.

A

Solar panels can only be tapped during daytime and sunny day. Unstable amount of electricity generated.

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8
Q

Explain why solar power brings other environmental impacts.

A

Solar panels take up a large area and destroy the natural habitat. The manufacturing of solar panels causes water pollution such as the leakage of toxic materials. Solar panels cause visual and land pollution, disposal of solar panels increase electronic waste.

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9
Q

Explain why solar energy needs special site requirements.

A

The concentrated power station requires extensive land area to set up the solar panels. Areas with low cloudiness will be the optimum locations.

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10
Q

Feasibility in Hong Kong of solar panels.

A

Hong Kong lacks of flatlands for the installation of solar panels. High density of buildings may inhibit penetration of sunlight. Rooftop solar panels are much more feasible. Tall buildings maximize the absorption of sunlight and electricity generated.

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11
Q

Name the two types of wind farm

A

Onshore wind farm and offshore wind farm.

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12
Q

What are the advantages of wind power?

A

Clean emissions of GHGs, it is renewable and low running costs.

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13
Q

Name the disadvantages of wind power.

A

High construction and manufacturing cost, highly weather dependent mode of power generation, brings other environmental impacts, special site requirements.

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14
Q

Explain on high construction and manufacturing cost of wind power.

A

It is costly to build wind turbines and huge investment is needed for research & development on the construction of offshore wind farm.

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15
Q

Explain on highly weather dependent mode of wind power generation.

A

The strength of winds is affected by weather conditions, unstable amount of electricity generated.

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16
Q

Explain on bringing other environmental impacts of wind power.

A

Wind turbine causes visual pollution,. It causes land pollution as it takes up so much space to dispose the blades. It causes noise pollution. It impose threat to the wildlife as the blades may kill birds.

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17
Q

Explain on special site requirements of wind power

A

Wind farm needs to be built in places with high and stable wind speeds over a long period of time like highlands with gentle slope, flatland but not hilly relief. It requires extensive large land area to set up the wind farm.

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18
Q

Feasibility in Hong Kong of wind power.

A

Hong Kong has hilly reliefs and has lack of flatlands. Offshore wind farm at SW off Lamma Island will be more suitable.

19
Q

Name the advantages of hydroelectric power.

A

Clean emission of GHGs, renewable, low running costs and stable electricity generation.

20
Q

Name the disadvantages of hydroelectric power.

A

Hugh construction and manufacturing cost, highly weather dependent mode of power generation, brings other environmental impacts, social impacts, special site requirements.

21
Q

Explain on high manufacturing and construction costs.

A

It is expensive to build dams and HEP plants.

22
Q

Explain on highly weather dependent mode of power generation.

A

Electricity generation will be reduced during drought, lower reliability of power generation.

23
Q

Explain on bringing other environmental impacts of hydroelectic power.

A

There are both impacts on upstream areas and downstream areas. For the impact on upstream areas, it destroys wildlife habitats. For the impact on downstream areas, fish cannot migrate to the upper course which reduce the fish population and brings socio-economic impact as their fishermen lost their source of income. It affects the biodiversity and ecosystem. Less sediment from the upper course is brought downstream which lowers soil fertility.

24
Q

Explain on the social impacts of hydroelectric power.

A

Reservoir behind the dam floods a large area of settlements. It is costly to relocate the affected people.

25
Q

Explain on special site requirements.

A

Deep river valley, large volume of water.

26
Q

Name the three major types of biofuels.

A

Ethanol - sugar from crops like corn and sugar cane.
Biodiesel - from animal fats, oil from plants and dish and used cooking oil
Biogas - from the deposition of organic waste.

27
Q

Name the advantages of biofuels.

A

Clean emissions of GHGs, renewable sustainability, lower production costs.

28
Q

Explain on clean emissions of GHGs.

A

It produces fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases.

29
Q

Explain on renewable sustainability of biofuels.

A

Fuel crops can be grown locally. Lower the reliance on imported fossil fuels. ( for ethanol and biodiesel only ). For biogas and biodiesel , it can be collected from the used cooking oil and organic waste from the community everyday.

30
Q

Explain on lower production costs of biofuels.

A

Lower production costs when compared to imported fossil fuels. Reduce the reliance and expenses on fossil fuels.

31
Q

Name the disadvantages of biofuels.

A

High production costs, reliability and stability of power generation, brings other environmental impacts, social impacts, special site requirements.

32
Q

Explain on high production costs.

A

It is expensive to refine biofuels and grow fuel crops.

33
Q

Explain on reliability and stability of power generation.

A

The reliability depends on the supply of fuel crops and the habit on recycling and waste separation ( cooking oil and organic waste ). The supply and prices of biofuels are affected by the harvest of fuel crops.

34
Q

Explain on bringing other environmental impacts of biofuel.

A

It causes deforestation as natural land is cleared to grow fuel crops. It reduces the carbon sink leads to global warming. It destroys wildlife habitats and reduce biodiversity. The production of biofuels requires much energy to grow crops and process biofuels. Energy is needed in the form of machines, fertilisers and pesticides. Greenhouse gases may still emit from the factories and farms.

35
Q

What are the social impacts of biofuel?

A

Reduce the food supply and increase the food prices.

36
Q

Explain on special site requirements.

A

With suitable climate to grow fuel crops and with large area for growing fuel crops.

37
Q

Feasibility in Hong Kong

A

Waste-to-energy

38
Q

Examples of facilities in Hong Kong of recycling used cooking oil.

A

Zero Carbon Building.

39
Q

What is the process of Zero Carbon building?

A

Refinery -> biodiesel.

40
Q

What is the facility in HK of sludge from sewage treatment work?

A

T. Park

41
Q

What is the process of T.Park

A

Incineration causes heat energy and causes electricity.

42
Q

What is the example of facility in HK of food waste?

A

O. Park

43
Q

What is the process of O.Park?

A

Anaerobic digestion technology leads to biogas and electricity.

S3 Geography (8 decks)

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