Ch 11: Social Development

Question 1

What 3 roles often define adult life?

Answer 1

Marriage, parenthood, work

Question 2

What are the historical changes in Western marriage compared to the ideas in India and the Middle East?

Answer 2

In Saudia Arabia, divorces women can be socially shunned. In India, emerging adults that have their family’s approval are free to choose a mate. In the US, marriage is often a middle class achievement

Question 3

Under what conditions is marriage an ideal state?

Answer 3

If the marriage is generally happy

Question 4

What is the deinstitutionalization of marriage?

Answer 4

Decline in marriage and emergence of alternate family forms in the last third of the 20th century

Question 5

What is serial cohabitation?

Answer 5

Living sequentially with different partners outside of marriage

Question 6

What is the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction?

Answer 6

Most common pathway of marital happiness in the west, satisfaction is highest at the honeymoon, declines during the child rearing years, then rises after the children grow up

Question 7

What is the triangular theory of love?

Answer 7

Categorization of love relationships into 3 parts: passion, intimacy, and commitment

Question 10

What is consummate love?

Answer 10

Ideal form of love, involves all 3 major facets of love: passion, intimacy, and commitment

Question 10

What are fertility rates?

Answer 10

The average number of children a woman in a given country has during her lifetime

Question 11

What does the transition to parenthood look like?

Answer 11

Parenthood makes couples less intimate and happy.
Heterosexual couples have more traditional marital roles.

Question 12

What is marital equity?

Answer 12

Fairness in the work of a couple’s life together, if not equitable, the outcome is often marital dissatisfaction

Question 13

What is breadwinner role?

Answer 13

Traditional concept that a man’s job is to support a wife and children

Question 14

What is the nurturer father?

Answer 14

Father who actively participated in hands-on child care

Question 15

How do couples cope with having children?

Answer 15

Good communication before having children and an involved and caring father

Question 16

How has parenthood changed over time?

Answer 16

Parents are spending more time with their children, mothers provide more hands on care and dads are playing more with the kids and doing more routine care

Question 17

What factors influence the level of involvement from the father?

Answer 17

Personality, emotional regulation, positive relationship with father, feeling competent and happy about providing care, wanting the child, and level of commitment to working long hours

Question 18

What are the four major changes in the modern work world?

Answer 18

Traditional stable career, The Internet Revolution, rise of the gig economy, boundaryless careers

Question 19

Which qualities make for career happiness?

Answer 19

High core self evaluations in high school, high self-efficacy, optimistic attitudes, finding your career as your calling

Question 20

How does work different for women and men?

Answer 20

Women earn less than men, periodically leave the work force to provide family care and work lower paying jobs

Question 21

What is the traditional stable career?

Answer 21

Permanent life work starting in their 20s and often staying with the same organization until retirement

Question 22

What are boundaryless careers?

Answer 22

Common Western career path, people change jobs or professions periodically during their working lives

Question 23

What are Holland’s 6 personality work types?

Answer 23

Realistic, investigative, artistic, social, entrepreneurial, conventional

Question 24

What is role overload?

Answer 24

Job that places so many demands on workers that it becomes impossible to do a good job

Question 25

What is role conflict?

Answer 25

When a person is torn between two or more major responsibilities and cannot do either job well, such as parent and worker

Question 26

What is work life balance?

Answer 26

When people feel perfect balance, energized and happy at work and fulfilled with other aspects of their lives

Question 27

What is occupational segregation?

Answer 27

Separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs