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BIO 142 > Ch. 11- Nervous System And Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Ch. 11- Nervous System And Nervous Tissue Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Nuclei

A

Clusters of cell bodies in CNS

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1
Q

7 major structures of the nervous system are…

A
  1. Brain
  2. 12 pair cranial nerves
  3. Spinal cord
  4. 31 pairs spinal nerves
  5. Ganglia
  6. Enteric plexuses
  7. Sensory receptors
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2
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters if neuronal cell bodies in PNS

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3
Q

Plexus

A

Net work of spinal nerve in PNS

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4
Q

Tract

A

Bundles of neuron process (axon) in CNS

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5
Q

Nerve

A

Bundles of neuron process (axon) in PNS

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6
Q

CNS includes…

A

Brain and spinal cord (medulla to L2)

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7
Q

Astrocytes (CNS)

A

Form blood-brain barrier by covering blood capillaries

Regulate K+ balance

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8
Q

PNS contains…

A

Cranial and spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers. Connects CNS to muscles, glands & all sensory receptors

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9
Q

Three subdivisions of PNS are…

A
  1. Somatic (voluntary) nervous system (SNS)
  2. Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system (ANS)
  3. Enteric nervous system (ENS)
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10
Q

Somatic (voluntary) nervous system

A

Sensory receptors to CNS.

Motor neurons to skeletal muscle tissue

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11
Q

Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system

A
  1. Sensory neurons from visceral organs to CNS
  2. Motor neurons to smooth & cardiac muscle and glands
    • sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
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12
Q

Sympathetic division

A

Speeds up heart rate

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13
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Slows down heart rate

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14
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

Involuntary sensory and motor neurons control GI TRACT

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15
Q

What is a Neuron?

A
  • Functional unit of nervous system.
  • Have capacity to produce action potentials.
  • single nucleus with prominent nucleolus
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16
Q

Nissl bodies (chromatophilic substance)

A

Rough ER & RNA Ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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17
Q

Neurofibrils

A

Intermediate neurofilaments. Gives cell shape and support

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18
Q

2 parts of a neuron

A
  1. Dendrite

2. Axon

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19
Q

Dendrites

A
  • Conducts impulse TOWARDS cell body.
  • Short and unmyelinated
  • contains neurofibrils (cytoskeleton) & nissl bodies
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20
Q

Axons

A
  • Conduct impulses AWAY from cell body.
  • arises at axon hillock
  • impulses arise from initial segment (trigger zone)
21
Q

Initial segment (trigger zone) of an axon

A

First portion of the axon

22
Q

Axon terminals

A

Fine processes where side branches (collaterals) end

23
Q

Synaptic end bulbs

A

Swollen tips on axon.

Contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitters

24
Q

Axoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of axon

25
Q

Axolemma

A

Plasm membrane of axon

26
Q

Colateral

A

Branch from axon

27
Q

Functional classification of neurons

A
  1. Sensory (afferent) neurons
  2. Motor (efferent) neurons
  3. Interneurons (association) neurons
28
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

Transport sensory info from skin, muscles, joints, sense organs & viscera to CNS

29
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

Send motor nerve impulses to muscles & glands

30
Q

Interneurons (association) neurons

A

Connects sensory to motor neurons

90% of neurons in the body

31
Q

Structural classification of neurons

A

Based on number of processes found on body cell.

  1. Multipolar
  2. Bipolar
  3. Unipolar
32
Q

Multipolar neurons

A

Several dendrites & one axon.

Most common cell type

33
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

One main dendrite and one axon found in retina, inner ear & olfactory

34
Q

Unipolar neurons

A

One process only (develops from bipolar).

ALWAYS SENSORY NEURONS

35
Q

Neuroglial (glia) cells

A

Rapid mitosis in tumor formation (gliomas).

4 types in CNS
2 types in PNS

36
Q

Four types of neuroglial cells in CNS

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal
37
Q

Olgiodendrocytes (CNS)

A

Most common glial cell type

Forms myelin sheath around more than one axons in CNS

38
Q

Microglia (CNS)

A

Small cells found near blood vessels

Phagocyte role (clear away dead cells)

39
Q

Ependymal (CNS)

A

Form epithelial membrane lining ventricles and central canals

Produces CSF

part of choroid a plexuses

Simple cuboidal epithelium with cilia

40
Q

Satellite cells (PNS)

A

Supports neurons in the PNS ganglia

41
Q

Schwann cell (PNS)

A

Cells encircling PNS axons

Produces part of the myelin sheath surrounding an axon in the PNS

All axons surrounded by a LIPID & PROTEIN coverin (myelin sheath) produced by Schwann cells

Neurolemma (Neurilemma) is cytoplasm & nucleus of Schwann cell

Gaps called nodes of Ranvier

Myelinated fibers appear white

42
Q

Two types of neuroglial cells in PNS

A
  1. Schwann

2. Satellite cells

43
Q

How is action potential transmitted

A

Dendrite receive stimulus- cell body, axon hillock, axon terminal, synapse bulb & vesicles, release neurotransmitter, effector start action potential at axon hillock

44
Q

Cause of Parkinson’s

A

Due to degeneration of dopamine, involuntary muscle contractions

45
Q

Epilepsy

A

Second most common neurological disorder. Characterized by short, reoccurring attacks initiated by electrical discharges in the brain. LOC. Skeletal muscles may contract involuntarily

46
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Autoimmune disorder causing destruction of myelin sheaths in CNS

47
Q

Myelination in PNS

A

Schwann cells myelinated (wrap around) axons in the PNS during fetal development

48
Q

Myelination in the CNS

A

Olgiodendrytes myelinate axons in the CNS

no Neurilemma is formed.

49
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axon (white in color)

50
Q

Gray matter

A

NERVE CELL BODIES, dendrites, axon terminals, bundles of UNMYELINATED AXONS AND NEUROGLIA (gray matter)

BIO 142 (3 decks)

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