Ch 11 - liquids and inter-molecular forces Flashcards
dispersion force
instantaneous dipole of one atom causes the instantaneous dipole of an adjacent atom
polarizability
the “squishiness” of an atoms electron cloud
dipole/dipole
electrostatic over short ranges, permanent dipole moment
dipole/induced dipole
polar and non-polar, temporarily disrupted by polar molecule
induced dipole/induced dipole
London dispersion force (LDF), random moments of polarization
hydrogen bonding
special dipole/dipole bond, where a highly polarizable atom bonds with a hydrogen atom. H is so small that it can get close and interact very strongly. bonds with N, O, and F
attractions that include ions
ionic bonding and ion/dipole forces
non-polar attractions
Ionic bonding and dispersion forces
non-ionic attractions
dispersion forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding
viscosity
resistance to flow, dependent on attractive forces, decreases with temp
surface tension
the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount, stronger bond means more energy required
adhesive forces
inter-molecular forces that binds a substance to a surface
cohesive force
inter molecular forces that bind similar molecules together
fusion/melting
state change from solid to liquid, since molecules are free to move required energy is increased as well as kinetic energy
heat of fusion
H(fus) is the change in kJ/mol