Ch 11 - liquids and inter-molecular forces Flashcards

1
Q

dispersion force

A

instantaneous dipole of one atom causes the instantaneous dipole of an adjacent atom

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2
Q

polarizability

A

the “squishiness” of an atoms electron cloud

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3
Q

dipole/dipole

A

electrostatic over short ranges, permanent dipole moment

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4
Q

dipole/induced dipole

A

polar and non-polar, temporarily disrupted by polar molecule

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5
Q

induced dipole/induced dipole

A

London dispersion force (LDF), random moments of polarization

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6
Q

hydrogen bonding

A

special dipole/dipole bond, where a highly polarizable atom bonds with a hydrogen atom. H is so small that it can get close and interact very strongly. bonds with N, O, and F

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7
Q

attractions that include ions

A

ionic bonding and ion/dipole forces

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8
Q

non-polar attractions

A

Ionic bonding and dispersion forces

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9
Q

non-ionic attractions

A

dispersion forces, dipole/dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding

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10
Q

viscosity

A

resistance to flow, dependent on attractive forces, decreases with temp

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11
Q

surface tension

A

the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount, stronger bond means more energy required

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12
Q

adhesive forces

A

inter-molecular forces that binds a substance to a surface

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13
Q

cohesive force

A

inter molecular forces that bind similar molecules together

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14
Q

fusion/melting

A

state change from solid to liquid, since molecules are free to move required energy is increased as well as kinetic energy

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15
Q

heat of fusion

A

H(fus) is the change in kJ/mol

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16
Q

heat of sublimation

A

H(sub) is the sum of the change in H(fus) and H(vapor)

17
Q

Critical temp

A

the highest temperature at which a specific liquid can occur

18
Q

critical pressure

A

the pressure required to bring about liquefaction at critical temp

19
Q

supercritical fluid

A

when the critical temp and pressure are exceeded, liquid and gas are indistinguishable from eachother

20
Q

vapor pressure

A

when the evaporation of a substance in an evacuated, closed container reaches a constant value

21
Q

clausius-claperon equation

A

LnP= -Hvap/RT+C

22
Q

R

A

8.314J/mol K

23
Q

if you know 2 points

A

Ln (P1/P2)=(-Hvap/R)[ 1/T2 - 1/T1 ]

24
Q

force =

A

KQ1Q1/d^2 (constantchange 1change 1/distance squared)