Ch. 11 Key Terms.

Question 1

Surface water

Answer 1

Surface water is fresh water on Earth’s land surface. Sur-face water is found in lakes, rivers, streams, and wetlands.Throughout history, people have built cities, towns, and farms near reliable sources of surface water.

Question 2

river system

Answer 2

As streams and rivers move across the land, they form a flowing network of water called a river system

Question 3

watershed.

Answer 3

The area of land that is drained by a river is known as a watershed.

Question 4

groundwater

Answer 4

Water that is found beneath Earth’s surface in the spaces in sediment and rock formations is called groundwater

Question 5

aquifer.

Answer 5

An underground formation that contains groundwater is called an aquifer.

Question 6

Porosity

Answer 6

Porosity is the percentage of the total volume of a rock that has spaces (pores).

Question 7

permeability.

Answer 7

The ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it is called permeability.

Question 8

recharge zone.

Answer 8

An area of Earth’s surface from which water percolates down into an aquifer is called a recharge zone.

Question 9

potable

Answer 9

Most water must be treated to make it potable, or safe to drink.

Question 10

pathogens

Answer 10

Water treatment also removes pathogens, which are organisms that cause illness or disease. Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic worms are common pathogens

Question 11

Dams

Answer 11

Dams are built across rivers to control the river’s flow

Question 12

Reservoirs

Answer 12

reservoir, is formed behind the dam. Reservoirs can be used for flood control, drinking water, irrigation, recreation ,and industry.

Question 13

Desalination

Answer 13

Desalination is the process of removing salt from saltwater.

Question 14

Water pollution

Answer 14

Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, physical, or biological agents into water that degrade water quality and harm the organisms that depend on the water

Question 15

point-source pollution

Answer 15

point-source pollution, which is pollution discharged from a single source.

Question 16

Nonpoint-source pollution

Answer 16

Nonpoint-source pollution , also known as runoff pollution, comes from many different sources that are often difficult to identify.

Question 17

Wastewater

Answer 17

Wastewater is water that contains waste from homes or industry

Question 18

artificial eutrophication.

Answer 18

Eutrophication is accelerated when inorganic plant nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, enter the water from sewage and fertilizer runoff. This is referred to as artificial eutrophication.

Question 19

Thermal pollution

Answer 19

Thermal pollution can occur when power plants and other industries use water in their cooling systems and then discharge the warm water into a lake or river.

Question 20

biomagnification.

Answer 20

Each organism stores the pesticide in its tissues and the concentration of the pesticide that is passed on to the next organism in the food chain increases. This buildup is called biomagnification.