CH 11 (JK) Flashcards
What are the 6 rights of medication administration?
Right Patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation
What is included for the proper documentation of medication administration?
Name of the drug Dose Time administered Route Name of the person who administered Response
Define medical asepsis
The practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic techniques
Minimum BSI precautions for starting an IV
Gloves, protective eyewear
Most common route for disease transmission
Accidental needlesticks
What is the cell membrane made of and what are unique characteristics of that membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer, allowance for selective permeability
Total body water % of an adult
60%
Intracellular fluid as % of body weight
45%
Extracellular fluid is divided into what 2 types and what % of bodyweight.
Interstitial 10.5%, Intravascular 4.5%, Extracellular 15%
Define solution
Fluids in the body composed of dissolved elements and water
Define solvent
Fluid that does the dissolving, or the solution that contains the dissolved components
Defined solute
Dissolved particles contained in the solvent
Electrolytes are also called…
Singly charged they are called…
With double charges they are called…
Ions
monovalent
bivalent
The principle extracellular cation needed to regulate the distribution of water throughout the body
Na+
“water follows sodium”
This electrolyte is primarily found intracellularly and plays a major role in neuromuscular function
K+
What can hypokalemia lead to?
GI disturbances, decreased skeletal muscle function and dysrhythmias
What can hyperkalemia lead to?
Hyperstimulation of cell transmission and cardiac arrest
Principal cation needed for bone growth?
Ca++
What can hypocalcemia lead to?
Overstimulation of nerve cells, skeletal muscle cramps, abdominal cramps, carpo-pedal spasms, hypertension, and vasoconstriction
What can hypercalcemia lead to?
Decreased stimulation of nerve cells, skeletal muscle weakness, lethargy, ataxia, vasodilation, and flush skin
What electrolyte is the primary buffer that determines difference between metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
HCO3- (bicarbonate)
Electrolyte that primarily regulates the pH of the stomach
Chloride
Concentration gradient
Tendency for materials to flow from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Can be chemical or electrical.
Diffusion
The process of compounds or charges concentrated on one side of the membrane move across to an area of low concentration