Ch 11: Ear, Nose, Throat, Eye, And Mouth Disorders Flashcards
What is the sclera?
White of the eye, forms outer protective layer of the eye
Whats the cornea?
Its clear and located in the center of the most anterior portion of the eye
Conjunctiva
Thin mucous membrane that covers the anterior eye and lines the eyelids
Iris
Gives the eye it color, and includes muscles that work to constrict or dilate the pupil
Pupil
Dark center of the eye, controls the amount of light let into the eye
Anterior chamber
Space between the cornea and iris and is filled w/aqueous humor.
Lens
Clear, biconvex structure located just posterior to the pupil and iris
Ciliary body
Muscular ring, through which through contraction and relaxation controls the shape of the lens and the degree of focus on near and far objects. (Also produces the aqueous humor that fills the anterior chamber)
Retina
Multilayer tissue that lines the inner, posterior portion of the eye
Macula
Located in the center of the retina and provides detailed central vision
Fovea
Located within the center of the macula, and is responsible for the sharpest detail in central vision
Optic nerve
Located at the back of the eye and transmits nerve impulses from the eye to the brain. (Portion of the optic nerve, the optic disc is visible w/opthalamoscope)
The eye sockets are formed by what bones?
7 bones: frontal, zygomatic, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoid, lacrimal, and palatine
What areas of the eye socket are weakest and as a result more susceptible to blow-out fractures?
Orbital floor and medial walls
What muscles control eye movement?
4 rectus muscles-adduct, abduct, elevate and depress
2 oblique muscles- circular movements
Lacrimal apparatus
Functions to produce, distribute, and collect tears (can be damaged w/lacerations involving medial portion of eyelids)
What are the 3 main sections of the ear?
External ear, middle ear, inner ear
The external ear contains?
Auricle and the external auditory canal
The middle ear contains?
-tympanic membrane-forms the most outer part of the middle ear
-ossicle bones-malleus, incus, and stapes
Inner ear contains?
Cochlea and semicircular canals (function to continue the conversion of sound waves to nerve impulses for the brain to interpret)
Eustachian tube
Connects the middle ear to the nasal passages and regulates the amount of pressure within the middle ear
List the paranasal sinuses
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoidal, maxillary
Pharynx is divided into
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Below the laryngopharynx, the pharynx becomes
Esophagus
The epiglottis lies between which two structures, and functions to?
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx, functions to prevent food from entering the larynx
3 main functions of the larynx
- Prevent food and fluid from entering the trachea, 2. Produce sound vibrations, 3. To assist in the cough mechanism
How many teeth do adults have?
32 total, 16 in upper jaw and 16 in lower jaw
The visible layer of the tooth is known as? The layer below it is called?
Visible layer-crown
Layer below-dentin
Retrobulbar
Behind the globe
How does eye discharge present in someone with allergies or viral infections?
Clear, watery substance, affects both eyes
How does eye discharge present in someone with a bacterial infection?
White/yellow colored discharge, starts in one eye and may migrate to the other (usually through rubbing eyes)
Diplopia
Double vision
Double vision (diplopia) results from?
-head injury
-systemic conditions like multiple sclerosis, diabetes, myasthenia gravis
Itching is associated with what pathologies
Allergy or eye infections
Photophobia
Sensitivity to light
Photophobia associated w/what pathologies?
Corneal abrasions
Ptosis
Drooping of the eyelid
Tearing in the eye results to this structure being damaged
Injury/illness involving lacrimal apparatus can cause increased/decreased tearing
Halos are associated with what pathologies?
Glaucoma, corneal edema, corneal scarring, dislocated intraocular lens
Photopsia
Brief light flashes
Light flashes and floaters are associated with what pathologies?
Retinal tear or detachment, require immediate referral
Anisocoria
Unequal pupils