Ch. 11 Disorders And Diseases Of The Skin Flashcards
What is Dermatology ?
The branch of medical science that studies and treats the skin, its disorders and diseases.
What is Etiology?
Study of the causes of the disease.
What is a diagnosis?
The recognition of a disease by its symptoms.
What is prognosis?
The foretelling of the probable course of a disease.
Trichology
The study of hair
What is Pathology?
Study of disease
What is Symptom?
A sign of disease
What are the Two types id symptoms?
Objective and Subjective
Objective symptom
Symptoms that can be seen.
Ex. Papule, pustule, cyst
Subjective symptom
symptoms that can be felt but not seen
Ex. Itching, burning or pain
What is a Dermatologist?
Skin specialist/doctor
Skin care therapist study some conditions of the skin to be able to do skin analysis, perform correct treatments and procedures for the skin, recommend skin care products, understand Contradiction
What are contradictions?
When the condition of the skin prevents from some procedures. Ex. Pregnancy
What are Lesions?
Any marks or abnormalities of the skin
Three Types of Lesions
Primary Lesion
Secondary Lesion
Tertiary lesions/Vascular Lesions
What is a Primary Lesion?
Appear in the beginning stage of a disease/disorders/conditions
Macule- Freckles/Lentigo
Small lesions, under 2cm, pigmented, often as result of sun damage in epidermis
Flat, non-palpable lesions
Stain
Larger than 2cm pigmented spot, usually as a result of hormonal pigmentation in the dermis or birthmark.
Flat, non-palpable lesions
Pustule
Raised, inflamed breakout with pus
Raised Lesion with fluid inside
Vesicle
Small blister, filler with clear fluid (poison ivy, herpes blisters) Less than ½ CM
Raised Lesion with fluid inside
Bulla
Largest blister with clear fluid ( burn, blister from excessive rubbing) Larger than ½ CM ( example: the blister that form on back of ankle, result of shoe chafing)
Raised Lesion with fluid inside
Cyst
Dee pockets of infection; abnormally developed sack, filled with pus
Raised Lesion with fluid inside
Tubercle
Solid lump, fatty tissue overgrowth ( example lipoma)
Raised Lesions, solid, No Fluid Inside
Nodule
Overgrowth of epidermal tissue pigmented or skin color (mole) (less than 2cm)
Raised Lesions, solid, No Fluid Inside
Tumor
Large nodule, over 2cm, benign or cancerous
Raised Lesions, solid, No Fluid Inside
Wheal-Hives/Urticaria
Raised lesion, allergic reaction, histamine response
Raised Lesions, solid, No Fluid Inside
Papule
Skin breakout, raised and inflamed, no pus yet
Raised Lesions, solid, No Fluid Inside
Secondary Lesions
Appear on a later stage of a disease:
Scale
Dry or greasy epidermal flake, cause by dehydration, sensitivities Physical rubbing or skin disorder (Example: dandruff or Psoriasis)
Raised Lesion
Crust/Scab
Healing lesion in the epidermis, accumulation of sebum, pus and epidermal waste ( example is the sac on a sore)
Raised Lesion
Scar
Healing lesion in the dermis, hard collagen formation produced by fibroblasts. Tissue hardens to heal the injury.
Raised Lesion
Keloid
A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen). Keloid scars are hypertrophic (extra tissue has formed)
Keloid Scar
raised, large formation of scar tissue often appears in dark skin types as a result of damage. Keloid scars are hypertrophic (extra tissue has formed)
Excoriation/Abrasion
Excoriation/Abrasion- Scraping: deep scratch on the skin
Loss of Tissue
Acne Excoriee
Scratching acne lesions, cause infection to go into scratch, inflames the skin, ( a disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration
loss of Tissue
Ulcer
Open lesion on the skin, mucous membranes or epithelial lining of digestive organs; filled with blood, pus, precancerous lesion, deep erosion or depression in the skin, normally due to infection or cancer.
Loss of Tissue
Telangiectasia
Broken, dilated capillaries, caused by sun damaged, excessive rubbing, excessive heat or cold, alcohol consumption, or spicy foods
Courperose Skin
redness caused by broken capillaries, often in rosacea
Cherry Angioma
raised formation of broken capillaries, red mole: appears with age, usually on the chest, body or face
Spider Veins
Small venules dilation in deep dermis
Seborrhea
Severe oiliness, overproduction of sebum by sebaceous glands. If it gets inflamed, red, it develops seborrheic dermatitis
Sebaceous Glands
Sebacceous Hyperplasia
overgrowth of sebaceous gland tissue, donut shaped lesion ; Benign lesions on oily areas of the skin ; Can be removed by dermatologist, not by estheticians
sebaceous glands
Asteatosis
severe dryness, underproduction of sebum (dry scaly skin). Can be caused by age, alkaline soaps, chronic (internal) disorder, medications, hormonal imbalance or cold exposure.
sebaceous gland
Acne
Chronic hereditary disorders, inflammation of sebaceous glands; characterized by comedones and blemishes. Common acne known as Acne simplex or acne vulgaris.
sebaceous gland
Comedo/Comedone
Hardening of sebum inside of hair follicle “clogged pores”/ A noninflamed buildup of cells, sebum, and other debris inside follicles.
sebaceous gland
Black Head-Open Comedone
Sebum is open to the air, reacting with oxygen, cause oxidation- black color, not inflamed, not red ( black head open at the surface and exposed to air.)
Sebaceous glands
Closed Comedo
Clogged pores with dead cells on the surface of the skin; No black oxidized sebum, also referred to as White Head NOT A MILIA, Milia is harder)
sebaceous gland disorder
Sebaceous Filaments
Small, solidified impactions of oil; Can develop into breakouts/blackheads; these shouldnt be extracted unless they progress; common on nose
sebaceous gland
Boil/ Furuncle
Subcutaneous abscess filled with pus (caused by bacteria in glands or hair follicles)
sebaceous gland
Carbuncle
Group of boils
sebaceous gland
Milia-White Head
Accumulation of sebum under the skin without visible openings; Use lancet to open the skin and extract milia
sebaceous gland
Steatoma/Wen
Sebaceous cyst, subcutaneous tumor up to the size of the orange; Usually appear on the scalp, back
sebaceous gland
