Ch. 11- Apraxia of Speech

Question 1

What is apraxia of speech?

Answer 1

A problem with the motor programming of speech movements. Muscles are ok.

Question 2

What is dysarthria?

Answer 2

A problem with muscles/movements.

Question 3

What is aphasia?

Answer 3

Linguistic/language problems

Question 4

Apraxia usually occurs with…

Answer 4

aphasia, but sometimes dysarthria

Question 5

Oral or limb apraxia can co- occur with…

Answer 5

apraxia of speech

Question 6

Apraxia of speech is almost always due to damage in which hemisphere?

Answer 6

left cerebral hemi

Question 7

What is Step 1 in speaking?

Answer 7

Speaker conceptualizes what is going to be said. This is where the message is determined.

Question 8

What is step 2 in speaking?

Answer 8

Speaker formulates the message through selecting semantic, syntactic, morphological, phonological structures for the message.

Question 9

What is step 3 in speaking?

Answer 9

The motor speech programmer programs the movementsnecessary to produce the needed phonemes. It activates a plan for the motor execution needed.

Question 10

What is step 4 in speaking?

Answer 10

This program is sent to through the nervous system to produce muscle movement/motor execution.

Question 11

If difficulties occur in step 2 of speaking, what may occur?

Answer 11

The result may be aphasia

Question 12

If difficulties occur in step 3 of speaking, what may the result be?

Answer 12

The result may be apraxia

Question 13

If difficulties occur in step 4 of speaking, what may the result be?

Answer 13

The result may be dysarthria

Question 14

What is AOS also known as?

Answer 14

speech apraxia and oral verbal apraxia

Question 15

What can AOS be compared to?

Answer 15

Brocas aphasia

Question 16

Why is AOS sometimes confused with Brocas?

Answer 16

Because the phonologic impairment seen in Brocas aphasia may be similar to AOS. The patient should be evaluated for both.

Question 17

T/F: Brocas may include AOS?

Answer 17

True, but Brocas involves more

Question 18

Individuals do not have what problems that Brocas aphasics have?

Answer 18

linguistic problems

Question 19

Do Brocas and AOS have similar sites of lesion?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Speech problems that Brocas aphasics have can be due to what?

Answer 20

MSP problems

Question 21

What is Motor Speech Programmer (MSP)?

Answer 21

It’s responsible for programming speech. It transforms the abstract phonemes to a neural code. The neural code determines the specific muscle movements.

Question 22

What 6 things can some of the specifics of the programming possibly include?

Answer 22

1. Duration of mvmt
2. Amplitude of mvmt
3. Acceleration
4. Deceleration
5. Time to peak velocity
6. Timing of speech events

Question 23

What does pre planning allow us to do?

Answer 23

have rapid speech

Question 24

Where are the structures of the MSP primarily located?

Answer 24

parietal frontal lobe and related subcortical circuits

Question 25

Where does linguistic input fto the MSP come from?

Answer 25

Perisylvian area in the left hemi.

Question 26

What does the perisylvian area include?

Answer 26

Temproparietal cortex, insula, BG and thalamus

Question 27

What is the insula?

Answer 27

cortical brain area that is buried within the lateral (sylvian) cerebral fissure. It's hidden in the folds and cant be seen unless you seperate the temporal and frontal lobes.

Question 28

What does Wambaugh say about the insula?

Answer 28

It might not be involved in apraxia

Question 29

What has Dr. Don Robin found?

Answer 29

That Broadman's area 6 is an important area in apraxis and that damage in that area is associated with apraxia