Ch. 11 Flashcards
Who are the first two women to serve on the Supreme Court?
Sandra Day O’Connor and Ruth Bader
What is judicial review?
Power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions unconstitutional
What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson?
Separate but equal ideas came from this
What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education?
Overruled separate but equal case
What are the two types of juries, and what does each do?
Grand: 16-23 people, hears charges against a person
Petit: 6-12 people, weigh evidence presented at a trial in a criminal or civil case
What are the three types of Constitutional courts?
District, Circuit, and Supreme Court
What is an opinion?
Explanation of Supreme Court’s Decision
How does the American Bar Association relate to the Supreme Court?
Largest national organization of Attorneys, evaluates the professional qualifications of candidates
When were district courts created, and why?
In 1789 to serve as trial courts
What are the duties of a US marshal?
- Protect federal judiciary
- Apprehending federal fugitives
- Selling seized assets acquired by criminals
- Transporting federal prisoners
- Operating the witness security program
What is the term of federal judges?
Life term (until death, retirement, or conviction)
Which Chief Justice was a protector of civil rights?
Thurgood Marshall
Who was the first African American appointed to the Supreme Court?
Thurgood Marshall
What can you do in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims?
Hear money claims founded upon the constitution
How can trial judges shape policy?
Through cases and their facts and issues
What is the purpose of legislative courts?
Help carry out functions that were at one time legislative duties
How have the duties of Supreme Court justices developed?
They developed through laws, traditions, and needs
What is due process?
a citizen who will be affected by a government decision must be given advance notice of what the government plans to do and how the government’s action may deprive them of life, liberty, or property.
What is jurisdiction?
Authority of a court to rule on certain cases
Which justice headed the investigation into the Kennedy Assassination?
Earl Warren
What are litigants?
People in lawsuit
Write the Preamble.
“We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”
