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Nur 401 > Ch 11 > Flashcards

Ch 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Sperm (spermatozoon)

A

a mature male germ cell that develops in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

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2
Q

Ovum

A

the secondary oocyte extruded from the ovary at ovulation

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3
Q

Fetus

A

the unborn offspring of any viviparous animal after it has attained the particular form of the species; from the ninth week after fertilization until birth

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4
Q

the inner layer of the uterus

A

endometrium

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5
Q

Basal layer of endometrium

A

regenerates the functional layer of the endometrium after each menstruation and after childbirth

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6
Q

Functional layer of endometrium

A

lies above the basal layer and is shed during menstruation

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7
Q

The tubular “neck” of the lower uterus

A

cervix

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8
Q

What is the opening in the cervix that runs between the uterus and the vagina called?

A

os

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9
Q

The ovaries have two functions

A

1) to produce sex hormones
2) to develop an ovum to maturity during each reproductive cycle.

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10
Q

The ovaries secrete _______ and ________ in varying amounts during a woman’s reproductive cycle to prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy

A

estrogen and progesterone

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11
Q

What is the clitoris

A

the vaginal erectile structure of the female homologous to corpora cavernosa of the penis

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11
Q

What is the perineum

A

the part of the body situated dorsal to the pubic arch and the arcuate ligaments, ventral to the tip of the coccyx, and lateral to the inferior rami of the pubis and the ischium and the sacrotuberous ligaments.

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12
Q

What does the perineum do?

A

supports and surrounds the distal parts of the urogenital and GI tracts of the body.

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13
Q

Internal structures of the female reproductive system

A

the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

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14
Q

Which statement best describes the function of the fallopian tube?
1) receives the male sperm
2) contracts to expel the fetus
3) transports ovum to the uterus
4) secretes colostrum

A

1) transports ovum to the uterus

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15
Q

What structure receives the male sperm?

A

vagina

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16
Q

what structure contracts to expel the fetus?

A

uterus

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17
Q

what structure releases colostrum?

A

the breasts because they contain mammary glands

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18
Q

Which description represents the normal anatomic structure of the external os of the cervix in a nulliparous woman?
1. rounded with tags
2. round and smooth
3. large, slit like opening
4. irregular and softened

A
  1. round and smooth
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19
Q

Which female anatomic structure protects the labia minora?
1. clitoris
2. perineum
3. mons pubis
4. labia majora

A
  1. labia majora
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20
Q

What is puberty?

A

refers to the time during which the reproductive organs become fully functional

21
Q

Girls are approximately how much younger than boys when the hormonal changes of puberty begin?

A

6 months to a year

22
Q

The level of GnRH increases slowly until it is adequate to stimulate the anterior pituitary to increase its production of

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

23
Q

As a girl matures, the anterior pituitary gland secretes increasing amounts of ____ and _____ in response to the hypothalamic secretion of _____

A

FSH; LH; GnRH

24
Q

What is the FSH hormone for

A

simulates growth and maturation of follicles before ovulation

25
Q

What is the LH hormone for

A

Stimulates final maturation of follicle.

26
Q

What is the first noticeable change of puberty in girls and how old are they?

A

breast buds about 8 to 13 years old

27
Q

How many years does menarche occur after the first noticeable changes? (what is the age range)

A

2 to 2 1/2 years later; 9 to 16 years old

28
Q

What is primary amenhorrhea?

A

delayed onset of menstruation if the girl hasn’t begun by the age of 16 years old. (may also be considered primary if a girl is more than 1 year older than mothers or sisters when their menarche occurred)

29
Q

What is secondary amenhorrhea

A

absence of menstruation for at least three cycles after regular cycles have been established

30
Q

What is delayed puberty

A

occurs when secondary sex characteristics have not appeared by age 13 in girls

31
Q

Delayed puberty may also be related to what diseases or medications?

A

chronic diseases (renal failure, lung disease, cystic fibrosis) or result in corticosteroid use in adolescents with asthma

32
Q

What is precocious puberty?

A

is sexual maturation that occurs before age 6 years in African American girls or before age 7 years in caucasian girls

33
Q

What are the three forms of precocious puberty?

A

isosexual, heterosexual, and incomplete

34
Q

Which hormones are responsible for the development of the female secondary sex characteristics

A

estrogen and progesterone

35
Q

Development of female breast tissue is related to which process of sexual maturation?

A

release of estrogen from the ovaries

36
Q

The duration of the menstrual cycle is approximately__ days, although it may range from ____ to ____ days

A

28; 20-45

37
Q

Follicular phase

A

-the period during which an ovum matures.
-begins with the first day of menstruation and ends about 14 days later in a 28 day cycle.

38
Q

ovulatory phase

A

about 2 days before ovulation, LH secretion rises markedly, secretion of FSH also rises, but to a lesser extent than secretion of LH.

39
Q

Luteal phase

A

Levels of FSH and LH decrease during this phase in response to higher levels of estrogen and progesterone

40
Q

What are the four phases of the endometrial cycle

A

proliferative, secretory, ischemic, and menstrual

41
Q

What is the proliferative phase (timeline)

A

approximately fifth day to time of ovulation

42
Q

what is the secretory phase (timeline)

A

day of ovulation to about 3 days before the next menstrual period

43
Q

What is the ischemic phase (timeline)

A

blood supply to the functional endometrium is blocked, and necrosis develops (if implantation does not occur within 7 to 10 days postovulation

44
Q

What is the menstrual phase (timeline)

A

menstrual bleeding begins, marking day 1 of the female reproductive cycle

45
Q

Which description regarding the effects of hormones on the reproductive cycle is accurate?
1. a decrease in estrogen assists with fertilization
2. an abrupt increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) causes ovulation
3. increased progesterone stimulates follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion
4. a sudden increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) causes the corpus luteum to regress

A
  1. an abrupt increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) causes ovulation
46
Q

Which phase does the ovum matures

A

follicular phase

47
Q

which phase does the follicle matures

A

ovulatory phase

48
Q

which phase does the cells from follicle persist

A

luteal phase

49
Q

What are the phases of the endometrial cycle in order, starting with day 1 of the female reproductive cycle

A
  1. Menstrual phase
  2. Proliferative phase
  3. Secretory phase
  4. Ischemic phase

Nur 401 (2 decks)

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