Ch 11-13 Flashcards
Industrial Revolution
a change in the way that products are manufactured. Products are mass produced on powered machines, rather than being hand-made by individual workers.
Monopoly
the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
Eli Whitney
Developed the Concept of Mass Production of Interchangeable Parts by machine on an assembly line
Mass Production
the manufacture of large quantities of standardized products, frequently utilizing assembly line technology.
Interchangeable Parts
if a part breaks, an exact duplicate replacement part can be substituted, because they are all exactly alike
Assembly-Line Production
enabled Unskilled Labor to produce complex tools and machines rapidly and at low cost.
Manifest Destiny
is the belief that Americans are destined by God to control North America.
How did changes in the speed and convenience of travel affect economic life in America?
Because it was cheaper.
Why were the major cities located where they were?
Because of the water and big rivers near the states.
Henry Clay
Invented the American system hoping it will tie the nation together politically and economically through government-funded.
How did the Transportation Revolution Change Business and Benefit Consumers?
Quicker transportation- lower transportation costs
Lower transportation costs - lower prices
Goods could move farther without spoiling
Markets became national – farmers and manufacturers could sell goods across the country
Robert Fulton
attached a steam engine to a ship called the “Clermont.” The steam engine propelled the ship by making its paddle wheel turn. Now ships could easily travel up the Mississippi
Canals
replaced roads as the future of east-west shipping – connecting the Mississippi-Ohio river system with the east, and, soon, the Great Lakes to the east
Erie Canal
completed in 1825, connected Lake Erie to the Hudson and, thereby, to NYC and the Atlantic – NYC became the nation’s largest and most important port
Canal Travel Expands
The Erie Canal was a huge financial success
The canal quickly paid for itself – its great success led to a boom in canal building
The
Railroad
Revolution,
1850s
Immigrant labor
built the North’s RRs.
Slave labor
built the South’s RRs.
The Age of Jackson
Jackson distrusted Eastern wealth - business/banking, monopolies, & special privilege.
His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.”
Jackson believed that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.
Distrusted federal power – he wanted to limit the size and power of the national government, and keep more power in the states
Democracy in the Age of Jackson
Jackson became the symbol for a new growth in political democracy and the expansion of voting rights in the 1820s and 1830s.
Jackson’s supporters declared his win a victory for the “farmers and mechanics of the country” over the “rich and well born.”
His election to the Presidency is often cited by historians as the beginning of the “Age of the Common Man”
Jackson & The Nullification Crisis:
The 1828 “Tariff of Abominations”
High tariffs on cotton were hurting South Carolina farmers
The Nullification Crisis Intensifies and is Resolved
South Carolina declared the tariff of 1828 “null and void”
Jackson and Indian Removal
Southeastern Native Americans had become farmers and owned valuable farm land
White settlers wanted the land for cotton and asked the government to relocate Native Americans west of the Mississippi
Jackson did not believe that whites and Native Americans could live together without conflict
1830 – Jackson pushes the Indian Removal Act through Congress, authorizing the government to buy Native land and relocate Native Americans to Indian Territory
The Seminole Wars
Led by Chief Osceola, the Seminole Indians of Florida refused to be removed, and fought instead
Between 1835 and 1842 about 3000 Seminole fought 30,000 U.S. Army troops
The war cost the U.S. over $20 million, with many deaths on both sides
All but a small number of Seminole were eventually forced to move to Indian Territory
By 1842, almost all Native Americans had been removed east of the Mississippi
Jackson’s War Against the Bank
Jackson opposed the Bank of the United States because he thought it gave too much power to eastern money men and took too much power away from the states
