Ch 1.1-1.3

Question 1

What is a statement?

Answer 1

A statement is any sentence that is true or false.

Question 2

What is a premise?

Answer 2

The premises are the statements that set forth the reasons or evidence.

Question 3

What is the conclusion?

Answer 3

The conclusion is the statement that the evidence from the premises is claimed to support or imply

Question 4

What are the types of Simple Noninferential Passages?

Answer 4

Warnings, pieces of advice, statements of belief or opinion, loosely associated statements, and reports. These are non arguments.

Question 5

What is a Expository Passage?

Answer 5

An expository passage is a kind of discourse that begins with a topic sentence followed by one or more sentences that develop the topic sentence. This is a non argument.

Question 6

What is an Illustration?

Answer 6

An illustration is an expression involving one or more examples that is intended to show what some thing means or how it is done. This is a non argument.

Question 7

What is an explanation?

Answer 7

An explanation is an expression that purports to shed light on some event or phenomenon. This is a non argument.

Question 8

What is a Conditional Statement?

Answer 8

A conditional statement is an “if… then…” statement. This is a non argument.

Question 9

What is the relationship between a conditional statement and an argument?

Answer 9

1. A single conditional statement is not an argument
2. A conditional statement may serve as either the premise or the conclusion (or both) of an argument
3. The inferential content of a conditional statement may be re-expressed to form an argument

Question 10

What is a deductive argument?

Answer 10

A deductive argument is an argument incorporating the clain that it is IMPOSSIBLE for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true

Question 11

What is an inductive argument?

Answer 11

An inductive argument is an argument incorporating the claim that it is IMPROBABLE that the conclusion be false given that the premises are true

Question 12

What is an argument based on math? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 12

1. Deductive argument

2. It is an argument in which the conclusion depends on some purely arithmetic or geometric computation or measurment

Question 13

What is an argument from definition? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 13

1. Deductive argument
2. It is an argument in which the conclusion is claimed to depend solely on the definition of a word or phrase used in the premise or conclusion

Question 14

What is a syllogism?

Answer 14

A syllogism is an argument that has exactly two premises and one conclusion

Question 15

What is a categorical syllogism? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 15

1. Deductive argument

2. A categorical syllogism is a syllogism where each statement begins with one of the words “all,” “no,” or “some.”

Question 16

What is a hypothetical syllogism? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 16

1. Deductive argument

2. A hypothetical syllogism is a syllogism having a conditional statement for one or both of it’s premises

Question 17

What is a disjunctive syllogism? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 17

1. Deductive argument

2. A disjunctive syllogism if a syllogism having a disjunctive (either.. or…) statement

Question 18

What is a prediction? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 18

1. Inductive

2. A prediction is an argument that proceeds from our knowledge of the past to a claim about the future.

Question 19

What is an argument from analogy? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 19

1. Inductive
2. It is an argument that depends on the existence of an analogy, or similarity, between two things or states of affairs.

Question 20

What is a generalization? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 20

1. Inductive

2. It is an argument that proceeds from the knowledge of a selected sample to some claim about the whole group

Question 21

What is an argument from authority? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 21

1. Inductive

2. It is an argument that concludes something is true because a presumed expert or witness has said that it is

Question 22

What is an argument based on signs? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 22

1. Inductive
2. It is an argument that proceeds from the knowledge of a sign to claim about the thing or situation that the sign symbolizes.

Question 23

What is a causal inference? Deductive or inductive?

Answer 23

1. Inductive
2. It is an argument that proceeds from knowledge of a cause to a claim about an effect, or, conversely, from knowledge of an effect to a claim about a cause

Question 24

What is the tradition about the difference between inductive and deductive arguments?

Answer 24

Inductive arguments are those that proceed from the particular to the general, while deductive arguments are those that proceed from the general to the particular

Question 25

What is an argument?

Answer 25

1. An argument is a group of statements, one or more of which (premise) are claimed to provide support for, or reason to believe, one of the others (conclusion).
2. Arguments either have premises that support the conclusion or they don’t but claim to