ch 11-12

Question 1

the model for understanding gases

Answer 1

kinetic molecular theory

Question 2

a collection of particles in constant, straiht-line motion

Answer 2

a gas

Question 3

they do not attract or repel, they do not interact

Answer 3

gas particles

Question 4

there is a lot of space between gas particles compared with…

Answer 4

the size of the particles themselves

Question 5

gas particles is proportionate to…

Answer 5

the temp of gas in Kelvins

Question 6

what are three properties of gases based on kinetic molecular theory?

Answer 6

gases are compressible, gases assume the shape and volume of their container, gases have low densities in comparison with liquids and solids

Question 7

the result of the constant collisions between the atoms or molecules in a gas and the surfaces around them

Answer 7

pressure

Question 8

how are gas particles and pressure related?

Answer 8

directly, the amount of pressure increases when the number of particles in a given volume increases

Question 9

in boyles law, how are pressure and volume related?

Answer 9

(if constant) the pressure of a gas sample increases for a decrease in volume and decreases for an increases in volume
INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL

Question 10

boyles law formula

Answer 10

P1V1 = P2V2

Question 11

why does hot air rise?

Answer 11

the volume of a gas sample at constant pressure increases with increasing temperature

Question 12

in charles law, how are volume and temp related?

Answer 12

volume of a gas increases linearly with increasing temp, volume of a gas decreases linearly with decreasing temp
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

Question 13

0 kelvins equals…

Answer 13

absolute zero

Question 14

how can charles law be used?

Answer 14

to calculate the volume of a gas following a temp change or to calculate the temp of a gas following a volume change

Question 15

charles law formula

Answer 15

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Question 16

what is avagadros law?

Answer 16

the volume of a gas and the amount of the gas in moles (n) are directly proportional

Question 17

ideal gas law formual

Answer 17

PV = nRT

Question 18

daltons law formula

Answer 18

Ptotal = Pa + Pb + Pc….

Question 19

what is hypoxia?

Answer 19

low oxygen levels can have negative physiological effects

Question 20

what is oxygen toxicity?

Answer 20

increased oxygen concentration in body tissues

Question 21

formula for gases in chemical reactions

Answer 21

n = PV/RT

Question 22

attractive forces that exist among the water molecule

Answer 22

intermolecular forces

Question 23

molecules and atoms that compose matter are in constant random motion that increases with…

Answer 23

increasing temperature

Question 24

what is the most important manifestation of intermolecular forces?

Answer 24

very existence of lliquids and solids

Question 25

when does surface tension occur?

Answer 25

when the molecule within a liquid have more IMF than between the liquid and air

Question 26

resistance of a liquid to flow

Answer 26

viscosity

Question 27

when does the rate of vaporization occur?

Answer 27

increasing surface area, increasing temp, decreasing strength of intermolecular forces

Question 28

volatile

Answer 28

liquids that evaporate easily

Question 29

nonvolatile

Answer 29

liquids that do not evaporate easily

Question 30

in what two phases does a substance convert from its liquid state into its gaseous state

Answer 30

evaporation and vaporization

Question 31

condensation

Answer 31

physical change in which a substance is converted from gas to liquid

Question 32

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 32

the point where rates of condensation and evaporation become equal

Question 33

what is the partial pressure of its vapor in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid?

Answer 33

vapor pressure

Question 34

vapor pressure increases when?

Answer 34

increasing temp, decreasing strength of IMF

Question 35

boiling

Answer 35

water as a liquid to a gaseous state

Question 36

does boilling raise the temp?

Answer 36

NO

Question 37

evaporation absorbs heat so it is...

Answer 37

endothermic

Question 38

condensation releases heat so it is...

Answer 38

exothermic

Question 39

melting is ...

Answer 39

endothermic

Question 40

freezing is...

Answer 40

exothermic

Question 41

sublimation

Answer 41

physical change where a solid state directly goes into a gaseous state

Question 42

default IMF, present in all molecules and atoms, is what?

Answer 42

Dispersion force

Question 43

what are dispersion forces caused by?

Answer 43

fluctuations in the e- distribution

Question 44

instantaneous dipoles

Answer 44

randome fluctuations in the electron distribution of a He atom

Question 45

molar mass

Answer 45

can be used as a guide when comparing dispersion forces

Question 46

dipole-dipole forces exist in...

Answer 46

all polar molecules

Question 47

miscibility

Answer 47

a liquids ability to mic with another liquid without seperating into two phases

Question 48

molecular solids

Answer 48

solids whose composite units are molecules

Question 49

ice is held together by ...? dry ice is held together by ...?

Answer 49

hydrogen bonds, dispersion forces

Question 50

ionic solids

Answer 50

solids composed of formula units the smallest electricity neutral collection of cations and anions that compose the compound

Question 51

atomic solids

Answer 51

solids whose composit untis are individual atoms

Question 52

3 categories of atomic solids

Answer 52

covalent, nonbonding, and metallic

Question 53

nonbonding atomic solids

Answer 53

held together by weak dispersion forces

Question 54

metallic atomic solids

Answer 54

have variable melting points

Question 55

waters high polarity allows it to...?

Answer 55

dissolve many other polar and ionic compounds