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A&P Test Review Ch 11, 12, & 13 > Ch 11, 12, 13 > Flashcards

Ch 11, 12, 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

*Forms the anterior cranial floor, medial orbit walls, upper parts of the nasal septum, and sidewalks of the nasal cavity

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2
Q

Cribriform plate

A

Located in the ethmoid bone

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3
Q

Sinus

A

Is a cavity within a bone

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4
Q

How many bones are in the Axial Skeleton

A

80

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5
Q

How many bones are in the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

126

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6
Q

Name all the cartilages of the body

A

Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage

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7
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A
  • Most common cartilage, semitransparent appearance

* Forms the cartilage rings in the trachea, bronchi of the lungs, and tip of the nose

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8
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Forms external ear, epiglottis, covers the opening to the respiratory tract when swallowing water and food, eustachian or auditory tubes that connect the middle ear and nasal cavity

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9
Q

Fibrocartilage

A
  • Abundant fibrous elements within the matrix, it is strong rigid and most often associated with regions of dense connective tissue in the body
  • Occurs in pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, and points of attachment of some large tendon to bone
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10
Q

Steps to heal a bone fracture

A
  1. Fracture of the femur (Day 1)
  2. Formation of fracture hematoma (Week 1)
  3. Formation of soft cartilaginous procallous (Week 2-3)
  4. Formation of internal and external bony callous (Week 4-16)
  5. Bone remodeling complete (Week 17)
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11
Q

Where does hematopoiesis take place?

A

RED MARROW

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12
Q

What is the major purpose of the epiphyseal plate?

A

Growth, an increase in length

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13
Q

Four layers of Epiphyseal plate

A
  1. “RESTING” CARTILAGE CELLS: are the point of attachment joining the epiphysis to the shaft
  2. ZONE OF PROLIFERATION: composed of cartilage cells undergoing active mitosis which can cause the layers to thicken and the plate to increase in length
  3. ZONE OF HYPERTROPHY: is made up of olde and enlargedcells undergoing degenerative changes associated with calcium deposition
  4. ZONE OF CALCIFICATION: layer of dead or dying cartilage
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14
Q

Primary ossification center of the long bone

A

Forms when a blood vessel enter the rapidly changing cartilage model at the midpoint of the diaphysis

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15
Q

How does apposition growth play a role in intramembranous ossification?

A

Occurs through the addition of osseous tissue to the outer surface of a flat bone

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16
Q

Osteon of bone

A

Permit the delivery of nutrients by the removal of waste products

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17
Q

Function of the Bone

A

Acronym: Some Parts Make Me Hot

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage, Hematopoiesis

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18
Q

What cells produce bone?

A

Osteoblasts

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19
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature non-dividing osteoblasts surrounded by the matrix and lying within the lacunae

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20
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Giant multi nucleated cells, contain large amount of mitochondrion lysosomes. Responsible for active erosion of bone minerals.

21
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Small cells that synthesize and secrete osteoid. Collagen fibrils line up in osteoid and serve as a framework for deposition of calcium and phosphate.

22
Q

Periosteum

A

Attaches tendons firmly to bones and contains blood vessels important in growth and repair

23
Q

Endosteum

A

Thin fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity

24
Q

The interior of the pelvic girdle is formed by what?

A

Pubis

25
Q

What is another name for the bone shaft?

A

Diaphysis

26
Q

Composition of bone matrix

A

Inorganic salts and organic matrix

27
Q

What is in the organic matrix?

A

Collagenous fibers, a mixture of protein and polysaccharides called “ground substance”

28
Q

Diaphysis

A

Is the main shaft of the long bone

29
Q

Epiphyses

A

Ends of a bone made of cancellous bone filled with marrow

30
Q

Parts of a Flat Bone

A

Cranial flat bone have an internal table and an external table of compact bone; between them is an inner region of cancellous bone called dipole

31
Q

Composition of Bone Matrix

A

Acronym: Marggies….So So Fake

Magnesium, sodium, sulfate, and fluoride

32
Q

Osteon

A

Surround central ( osteonal and haversian) canals that run lengthwise through bone and are connected by transverse canals (Volkmann Canals)

33
Q

Structures that make up each osteon

A

Lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, central (Osteonal and haversian) canal

34
Q

Lamellae

A

Concentric, Interstitial (left over from previous osteons) and Circumferential

35
Q

What are osteoclasts responsible for?

A

The active erosion of bone minerals

36
Q

What do osteons permit?

A

They permit the delivery of nutrients and the removal of waste products

37
Q

Osteogenesis

A

Appositional growth occurs through the addition of osseous tissue to the outer surface of a flat bone

38
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

A primary ossification center forms when a blood vessel enters the rapidly changing cartilage model at the midpoint of the diaphysis

39
Q

Long Bones

A

Grow in both length and diameter

40
Q

Fracture hematoma

A

A blood clot that occurs immediately after the fracture, this clot is resorbed and replaced by callus

41
Q

Occipital Bones

A

Forms immovable joints with three other cranial bones and a moveable joining with the first cervical vertebra

42
Q

Fetal skull

A

Fontanels or soft spots allow the skull to mold during birth and also allow rapid growth of the brain

43
Q

Shoulder girdle

A

Made up of the scapula and clavicle

44
Q

What are the four projections of the distal epiphysis?

A

Medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, capitulum , and the trochlea

45
Q

Metacarpal Bones

A

The thumb metacarpal forms the most freely moveable joint with the carpal bones

46
Q

What is the proximal row of carpal bones made up of?

A

Pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, and scaphoid

47
Q

What are the five bones that form the framework of the hand called?

A

Metacarpal bones

48
Q

What type of plane is the pelvic outlet?

A

An imaginary plane

49
Q

The _________ ______ in the male is less than a 90 degree angle.

A

Pubic Arch

A&P Test Review Ch 11, 12, & 13 (1 decks)

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