Ch. 11, 12, 13 Flashcards
Common behavioral problems:
(1) ___,
(2) ___,
(3) ___ ___behavior,
(4) ___of ___
(1) Disinhibition,
(2) impulsivity,
(3) socially inappropriate behavior,
(4) lack of initiation
Sources of emotional distress:
(1) ___or ___responses,
(2) ___,
(3) lack of ___of what is expected, and
(4) ___
(1) fear or startle responses,
(2) confusion,
(3) lack of understanding of what is expected, and (4) fatigue
Approaches for managing challenging behaviors:
___ ___: Goal is to establish ___, ___, and ___influences on behavior.
o Reducing ___or ___distraction and modulation of noise levels.
o Introduction of ___stimuli in the environment.
o Providing comfortable, well-fitting, and familiar ___.
o Various forms of ___may sometime be necessary for safety.
o Engaging in ___but frequent therapeutic interactions is more effective than longer sessions.
Environmental management: Goal is to establish external, situational, and contextual influences on behavior.
o Reducing visual or auditory distraction and modulation of noise levels.
o Introduction of calm stimuli in the environment.
o Providing comfortable, well-fitting, and familiar clothing.
o Various forms of restrain may sometime be necessary for safety.
o Engaging in shorter but frequent therapeutic interactions is more effective than longer sessions.
Approaches for managing challenging behaviors (CONT):
• ___ ___ ___:
o Selectively ___inappropriate behaviors.
o ___the person’s attention.
o Providing ___
o Reducing ___
o Backing off and trying again
o Speaking ___and maintaining a natural stance
o Identifying signs of the patient’s escalating ___
• Caregiver Communication Strategies (Page 346):
o Selectively ignoring inappropriate behaviors.
o Redirecting the person’s attention.
o Providing choices
o Reducing expectations
o Backing off and trying again
o Speaking quietly and maintaining a natural stance
o Identifying signs of the patient’s escalating distress
Approaches for managing challenging behaviors (CONT):
• ___ ___: More structured intervention tools focusing on one or more behaviors at a time. The goal is to ___adequate ___responses in specific ___. (ABA)
• Behavioral Therapies: More structured intervention tools focusing on one or more behaviors at a time. The goal is to establish adequate behavioral responses in specific situations. (ABA)
Approaches for managing challenging behaviors (CONT):
Basic techniques for eliciting desired behaviors:
o ___ : Verbal requests of other signs or signals to perform something important.
o ___ : Includes reinforcing variations or forms of the behaviors that increasingly resemble the target response.
o ___ : Teaching a sequence in a complete order.
___ chaining the trainer begins with (the first behavior) and stabilizes the first behavior in the sequence, and then you cue the rest, and then repeats until the sequence can be repeated.
___ chaining the client begins with the last step, and works backward to the first.
o Other techniques: (1) ___ ___ , (2) reciprocal inhibition, (3) response cost techniques, (4) other supported behavioral routines
o Prompts: Verbal requests of other signs or signals to perform something important.
o Shaping: Includes reinforcing variations or forms of the behaviors that increasingly resemble the target response.
o Chaining: Teaching a sequence in a complete order.
Forward chaining the trainer begins with (the first behavior) and stabilizes the first behavior in the sequence, and then you cue the rest, and then repeats until the sequence can be repeated.
Backward chaining the client begins with the last step, and works backward to the first.
o Other techniques: (1) Discrimination training, (2) reciprocal inhibition, (3) response cost techniques, (4) other supported behavioral routines
Approaches for managing challenging behaviors (CONT):
• ___ ___ : ___ educational process for behavioral change that is based on a ___ analysis of the presenting problems, and includes systematic instruction in more effective ways of behavior. It stresses on ___ -___ skill building rather than specified behavior ___.
o Applications: It can be used to (2) teach new behaviors, (2) teach alternative communication strategies as substitutes for unconventional behaviors, (3) can be used to teach more appropriate alternative behaviors, and (4) can be used to assign meaning to the individual’s behavior even when its intentionality is unclear.
• Positive Programming (Page 359): Gradual educational process for behavioral change that is based on a functional analysis of the presenting problems, and includes systematic instruction in more effective ways of behavior. It stresses on long-term skill building rather than specified behavior reduction.
o Applications: It can be used to (2) teach new behaviors, (2) teach alternative communication strategies as substitutes for unconventional behaviors, (3) can be used to teach more appropriate alternative behaviors, and (4) can be used to assign meaning to the individual’s behavior even when its intentionality is unclear.
Common Emotional Reactions to Acquired Brain Injury:
___:
(1) ___,
(2) ___, or
(3) ___.
Other symptoms include:
(1) tingling or loss of sensation in ___,
(2) ___,
(3) ___, and
(4) ___reactions.
Anxiety:
(1) nervousness,
(2) insecurity, or
(3) fear.
Other symptoms include:
(1) tingling or loss of sensation in extremities,
(2) pseudoseizures,
(3) sweating, and
(4) skin reactions.
Common Emotional Reactions to Acquired Brain Injury (CONT):
• \_\_\_: Depression may include other \_\_\_symptoms, such as, (1) decreased/reduced \_\_\_, (2) decreased \_\_\_, (3) \_\_\_, (4) difficulty with \_\_\_ \_\_\_, and (5) \_\_\_disturbances.
• Depression:
Depression may include other overlapping symptoms, such as,
(1) decreased/reduced energy,
(2) decreased initiation,
(3) irritability,
(4) difficulty with decision making, and
(5) sleep disturbances.
Reactions to Acquired Brain Injury (CONT):
• ___ -___ Therapy (___ ): Frequently used with brain injured populations.
o Principle: The beliefs and nature of ___ -___ have a large influence on behavior.
o Areas focused on CBT ___ and ___ extreme or unrealistic ___ . Assist the individual to develop more ___ coping beliefs and attitudes.
o A key component of CBT is scheduling and tracking ___ events and activities.
o Details on CBT (pp. 383-388).
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (Page 383): Frequently used with brain injured populations.
o Principle: The beliefs and nature of self-statements have a large influence on behavior.
o Areas focused on CBT Identify and modify extreme or unrealistic beliefs. Assist the individual to develop more adaptive coping beliefs and attitudes.
o A key component of CBT is scheduling and tracking positive events and activities.
o Details on CBT (pp. 383-388).
Preexisting Personality Features:
• ___ and narcissistic features (Page 390): Individuals with premorbid pattern of grandiosity with narcissistic features may tend to see their problems as ___ and unable to see their own ___ (by definition, have a strong need to feel and be seen as important). With such individuals, it is important to assess which ___ have injured the client’s underlying ___ -___ . It is important to confront the unrealistic client’s ___.
• Grandiosity and narcissistic features (Page 390): Individuals with premorbid pattern of grandiosity with narcissistic features may tend to see their problems as unique and unable to see their own deficits (by definition, have a strong need to feel and be seen as important). With such individuals, it is important to assess which losses have injured the client’s underlying self-image. It is important to confront the unrealistic client’s expectations.
Preexisting Personality Features (CONT):
• ___ with ___ tendencies (Page 391): Individuals with a long-term pattern of high ___ needs, ___ tendencies, and ___ may have complicated recovery from injury. They have a tendency of experiencing ___ a lot more than other individuals.
• Overachievers with perfectionistic tendencies (Page 391): Individuals with a long-term pattern of high achievement needs, perfectionistic tendencies, and stress may have complicated recovery from injury. They have a tendency of experiencing stress a lot more than other individuals.
Perception-focused strategies vs. Emotion-focused strategies:
- ___ -focused strategies: Use to control the meaning of stressful experiences. These include ___ , ___ on oneself, and ___ in the face of problems.
- ___ -focused strategies: ___ to ___ the emotional ___ to a ___.
- Perception-focused strategies: Use to control the meaning of stressful experiences. These include ignoring, relying on oneself, and persevering in the face of problems.
- Emotion-focused strategies: Attempts to control the emotional response to a stressor.
In-Class Activity Videos
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