Ch 11 Flashcards
What is a Signal transduction pathway?
Binding of a mating factor at the cell surface which initiates a series of steps
What is local signaling?
Animal cells may communicate by direct contact
What are Signal Substances also called?
They are also called Local Regulators
What is Signal Substances?
Bind to specific receptors; pass freely between adjacent cells; found in the cytosol
What is paracrine signaling?
Secreting cells acting on nearby target cells by discharging a local regulator into the extracellular fluid
What is long distance signaling (endocrine signaling)?
Release of hormones
What are the three stages of cell signaling?
Signal Reception, Signal Transduction, and Cellular Response
What are the three membrane proteins?
GPCR, Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and Ion channel receptors
What is Signal Reception in cell signaling?
The ligand molecule binds to the receptor protein
What is Signal Transduction in cell signaling?
the binding of the signal molecule changes the receptor protein
What is Cellular Response in cell signaling?
Signal triggers a specific cellular response
What is apoptosis?
Cell death
The cell shrinks and becomes lobed (blebbing) and debris packaged into vesicles that are digested by scavenger cells
What are GPCRs?
Works with G proteins to act as a on/off switch
What are RTKs?
membrane receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosines
What are ion channel receptors?
Responds by binding specific signaling molecules
