Ch. 10 [Ultimate and Proximate Causes of Animal Behavior]

Question 1

Ultimate (What)

Answer 1

what is this good for?

Question 2

Proximate (How?)

Answer 2

How does this work?

Question 3

Question for Adaptive Value

Answer 3

how does this behavior increase fitness?

Question 4

Question for Evolutionary history

Answer 4

what is the origin of this behavior over the course of the animals evolution?

Question 5

Questions for Causation

Answer 5

What are the internal mechanisms- nervous, hormonal, physiological - that result in a behavior

Question 6

Question for Development

Answer 6

How does the development of the animal, from egg to adult, affect the behavior?

Question 7

Terms that play into the Ultimate questions? __ & __

Answer 7

Adaptive value & evolutionary history

Question 8

Terms that play into the Proximate questions? ___&_____

Answer 8

causation and development

Question 9

Terms that play into the Proximate questions? ___&_____

Answer 9

causation and development

Question 10

Explain monogamous behavior in prairie voles related to Ultimate questions (Adaptive value & Evolutionary History)

Answer 10

Adaptive value- monogamy is adaptive and ensures male will father all the offspring and pass on his monogamous genes

Evolutionary History- monogamy likely evolved early in the evolution of voles, although it has apparently been lost in some vole species

Question 11

Explain monogamous behavior in prairie voles related to Proximate questions (Developmental & Causation)

Answer 11

Developmental- monogamy is influenced by the development of greater numbers of V1a receptors in ventral pallidum of the brains of prairie voles. Additional genes of avpr1a in prairie voles code for more V1a receptors.

Causation- monogamy is influenced by release of the hormone Vasopressin during copulation. Monogamous voles have more V1a receptors in the brain providing greater reward for copulation

Question 12

Explain monogamous behavior in prairie voles related to Proximate questions (Developmental & Causation)

Answer 12

Developmental- monogamy is influenced by the development of greater numbers of V1a receptors in ventral pallidum of the brains of prairie voles. Additional genes of avpr1a in prairie voles code for more V1a receptors.

Causation- monogamy is influenced by release of the hormone Vasopressin during copulation. Monogamous voles have more V1a receptors in the brain providing greater reward for copulation

Question 13

Birds use _________ cues to hunt.

Answer 13

visual foraging cues

Question 14

Insects use _________ cues to do life.

Answer 14

Chemical cues

Question 15

Insects use _________ cues to do life.

Answer 15

Chemical cues