Ch. 10 - Nail Disorders & Diseases Flashcards
Beau’s lines
BowZ lYNeZ
Sometimes called furrows (FUR-ohs) or corrugations (kor-uh-GAY-shuns); visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate; usually a result of major illness or injury that has traumatized the body.
blue fingernails
named for the nail bed color; is usually caused by a lack of circulating oxygen in the red blood cells.
bruised nail bed
Condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot. These discolorations are usually due to small injuries to the nail bed.
discolored nails
nails turn a variety of colors; may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation.
eggshell nails
noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than normal and can curve over the free edge.
hangnail
A condition in which the living tissue surrounding the nail plate splits or tears.
koilonychia
koyal-oh-NICK-ee-uh
Soft spoon nails with a concave shape that appear scooped out.
leukonychia spots
loo-koh-NIK-ee-ah sPATs
Also known as white spots; whitish discolorations of the nails, usually caused by injury to the matrix area; not related to the body’s health or vitamin deficiencies.
melanonychia
mel-uh-nuh-NIK-ee-uh
Darkening of the fingernails or toenails; may be seen as a black band within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge.
nail disorder
Condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit.
nail psoriasis
NAYl suh-RY-uh-sis
A noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail plate causing tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate.
nail pterygium
NAYl teh-RIJ-ee-um
Abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate; usually caused by serious injury, such as burns, or an adverse skin reaction to chemical nail enhancement products.
onychauxis
ahn-ih-KAhK-sis
Thickening of nails.
onychia
uh-NIK-ee-uh
Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail.
onychocryptosis
ahn-ih-koh-krip-Toh-sis
Also known as ingrown nails; nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail.
onychogryposis
ahn-ih-koh-gry-Poh-sis
Also known as ram’s horn or claw nails; an enlargement of the fingernails or toenails accompanied by increased thickening and curvature.
onycholysis
ahn-ih-KAhl-ih-sis
Lifting of the nail plate from the nail bed without shedding, usually beginning at the free edge and continuing toward the lunula area.
onychomadesis
ahn-ih-koh-muh-Dee-sis
The separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed; affects fingernails and toenails.
onychomycosis
ahn-ih-koh-my-Koh-sis
Fungal infection of the natural nail plate.
onychophagy
ahn-ih-koh-FAY-jee
Also known as bitten nails; result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate.
onychorrhexis
ahn-ih-koh-ReK-sis
Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate.
onychosis
ahn-ih-Koh-sis
Any deformity or disease of the natural nails.
paronychia
payr-uh-NIK-ee-uh
Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail. Redness, pus, and swelling are usually seen in the skin fold adjacent to the nail plate.
pincer nail
PIN-sir NAYl
Also known as trumpet nail; increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate caused by an increased curvature of the matrix. The edges of the nail plate may curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge.
plicatured nail
plik-a-ChooRD NAYl
Also known as folded nail; a type of highly curved nail usually caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
sue-duh-MoAN-us aye-ru-jin-oh-sa
Common bacteria that can lead to a bacterial infection that appears as a green, yellow, or black discoloration on the nail bed.
pyogenic granuloma
py-oh-JeN-ik gran-yoo-loh-muh
Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate.
ridges
Vertical lines running through the length of the natural nail plate that are caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result of normal aging.
splinter hemorrhage
sPlIN-tohr heM-err-aje
Hemorrhage caused by trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allow small amounts of blood flow.
tinea pedis
TIN-ee-uh PeD-us
Also known as athlete’s foot; medical term for fungal infections of the feet; red, itchy rash of the skin on the bottom of the feet and/or in between the toes, usually found between the fourth and fifth toe.
