Ch. 10 Meiosis

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Question 2

Variation

Answer 2

Any difference between individuals of the same species.

Question 3

genetics

Answer 3

Scientific study of heredity and variation.

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Question 5

Gametes

Answer 5

a reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm

Question 6

Somatic Cells

Answer 6

body cells - humans have 23 pairs of this chromosome

Question 7

Loci (Locus)

Answer 7

Location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 8

Asexual reproduction

Answer 8

the generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes, in most cases, the offspring are genetically identical

Question 9

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 9

A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to the offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes

Question 10

clone

Answer 10

an individual or group of individuals that are genetically identical to the parents

Question 11

life cycle

Answer 11

The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.

Question 12

Karyotype

Answer 12

a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

Question 13

Homologous chromosome

Answer 13

A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and straining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci

Question 14

Sex Chromosome

Answer 14

a chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual

Question 15

Autosome

Answer 15

a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex

Question 16

Diploid

Answer 16

a cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent

Question 17

Haploid

Answer 17

a cell containing only one set of chromosomes

Question 18

Fertilization

Answer 18

the union of a haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote

Question 19

Zygote

Answer 19

the diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

a modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of 2 rounds of cell division but only 1 round of DNA replication. It results in cell with half the number of chromosome set as the original cell

Question 21

alternation of generations

Answer 21

life cycle that has two alternating phases—a haploid (N) phase and diploid (2N) phase

Question 22

crossing over

Answer 22

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during prophase I

Question 23

reduction division

Answer 23

Meiosis I is also called this because it reduced the number of chromosomes

Question 24

Recombinant Chromosome

Answer 24

A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome.

Question 25

synapsis

Answer 25

pairing of homologous chromosomes

Question 26

tetrad

Answer 26

structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis