Ch. 10 - Lymphatic Flashcards
Which of the following organs does not have lymphatic vessels?
brain
or placenta
The predominant formed elements of normal lymph fluid are
WBCs
Lymph ducts merge into the venous system at the
subclavian veins
Lymph flows faster in response to
massage
(increases with mounting capillary pressure, greater permeability of the capillary walls, increased metabolic rate, and massage.)
An increased number of lymphocytes in the blood represents a systemic response to _____ infections.
most viral
An organ that is essential to the development of protective immune function in infants but has little or no demonstrated function in adults is the
thymus
The examination of the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity is essential to the evaluation of the immune system because of the location of which organ?
spleen
Enlarged tonsils and adenoids may obstruct the
nasopharyngeal passageway.
When enlarged, which lymph nodes are most likely to be a sign of malignancy?
supraclavicular
it may be the sentinel node of Hodgkin lymphoma.
Which lymphatic tissue is normally visible during the physical examination?
Palatine tonsils
located at the back of the mouth on either side of the tongue and can be seen more readily than the adenoids
Lymphoid tissue normally regresses to adult size by
puberty.
A congenital defect in the immune system of a 2-week-old infant may be suspected if
the umbilical cord has not yet dropped off.
delayed separation of the umbilical cord has been associated with abnormal granulocyte function.
During pregnancy, the leukocyte count normally increases because of more
polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
As adults age, their ability to resist infection decreases because of lymphatic nodes becoming more
fibrotic.
they become more fibrotic and fatty
Equipment for examining the lymphatic system includes a
centimeter ruler.
Which nodes are most often associated with inflammation?
Tender
Nodes located nearest the palatine tonsils are the
retropharyngeal
Nodes that are palpable just inferior to the chin are the
submental
Nodes located nearest the elbow are the
epitrochlear.
Which landmark is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior cervical triangles?
Sternocleidomastoid
Which nodes are also called Virchow nodes?
Supraclavicular
The harder and more discrete a node, the more likely a(n)
malignancy
tender are more infectious
Normal supraclavicular lymph nodes are
not palpable
When examining lymph nodes near a joint in the arm or leg, which of the following maneuvers is likely to facilitate the examination?
Flexion of the extremity
Bending joint areas will ease taut tissues and allow for better accessibility to palpation
When examining the epitrochlear nodes, which joint should be supported?
Elbow
Palpation of the scalene triangle for supraclavicular nodes should be done with
fingers hooked over the clavicle next to
the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
To palpate the inguinal nodes, you should have the patient
lie supine, with the knees slightly flexed.
It is not unusual to find postauricular and occipital nodes in
children younger than 2 years of age.
Large palatine tonsils are common in
children
Obstruction of the nasopharynx, pulmonary hypertension, and risk of sleep apnea may be associated with excessively enlarged
palatine tonsils.
grade 3+ to 4+
The most important clue to the diagnosis of a child with an immunodeficiency disease is
serious recurring infections.
such as Pneumocystis jirovecii and other fungal infections that do not respond as expected to therapy.
A red streak that follows the course of the lymphatic collecting duct is a finding associated with
lymphangitis.
To find the infection site associated with acute lymphangitis, the examiner should look _____ to the inflammation
distal
(red streak of inflammation will follow the direction (proximal) of lymphatic flow, away from the periphery, and with the infection site distal to the streak.)
The most common causes of acute suppurative lymphadenitis are
streptococcal and staphylococcal organisms.
Which disorder is characterized by a single node that is chronically enlarged and nontender in a patient with no other symptoms?
Toxoplasmosis
(Toxoplasmosis is displayed as a chronically enlarged, nontender, single node usually in the
posterior cervical chain.)
Enlarged inguinal nodes are likely to be associated with
genital herpes.
Tender nodes associated with cat scratch disease are most commonly found in which area?
Axilla
usually head, neck, and axilla
Which disorder is a dysfunction of cell-mediated immunity?
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIDS
Serum sickness is usually characterized first by the appearance of:
urticaria.
