Ch. 10 Flashcards
Adam’s apple
Large bulky thyroid cartilage
Agonal respiration’s
A type of respiratory pattern that is completely inadequate and may be seen in witnessed cardiac arrest or in some other conditions is called agonal breathing
Alveolar ventilation
The amount of air breathed in that reaches the alveoli
Alveoli
Bronchioles terminate in millions of tiny air sacs in the lungs
Artificial ventilation
Process of forcing air into a patients lungs
Automatic transport ventilator(ATV)
Another device used for positive pressure ventilation is
Burp
Developed primarily to be used in pediatric intubation because of the difference of the pediatric anatomy compared to the adult
Bag-valve-mask(bvm) device
Manual device used to provide positive pressure ventilation
Bilaterally
On both sides
Bilevel positive airway pressure(BiPAP)
Like CPAP but it allows you to set different airway pressures for inspiration and expiration
Bradypnea
An abnormally slow breathing rate an ominous sign of inadequate breathing rate and may indicate inadequate oxygenation and breathing especially in an adult
Bronchi
Two major branches of the trachea extend from the carina into the lungs
Bronchioles
Bronchi continue to divide into smaller sections or branches
Carina
Trachea extend from the larynx to the carina the point at which the trachea splits into the right and left main stem bronchi
Cellular ventilation and metabolism
Also known as aerobic metabolism occurs in the cell
Chemoreceptors
Continuously monitor levels of oxygen carbon dioxide and ph in the arterial blood and stimulate an increase or decrease in impulses from the respiratory rhythm centers to control the rate and depth of ventilation
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
A form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation used in the spontaneously breathing patient who needs ventilatory support
Cricoid cartilage
Forms the most inferior portion of the larynx and is only completely circular cartilaginous ring of the upper airway
Cricoid pressure
Was once brought to reduce complications associated with positive pressure ventilation when the unresponsive patients airway us not protected by and advance airway device
Crossed fingers technique
Kneel above and behind the patient
Cross thumb and forefinger of one hand
Place thumb on the patients lower incisors and Your forefinger on the upper incisors
Use a scissors motion or finger snapping motion to open the mouth
Crowing
Sound like a crow cawing that occurs when the muscles around the larynx spasm and narrow the opening into the trachea
Cyanosis we
Bluish gray color is a late sign of hypoxia and may be found in and around several areas of the body including lips mouth nose fingernail beds
Dead air space
Decrease in tidal volume
Deoxygenated
Has low oxygen concentration
Diaphragm
Muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
Epiglottis
Small leaf shaped flap of cartilaginous tissue
Esophagus
Food and water are routed to and it leads to the stomach
Exhalation/expiration
Process of breathing air in and out
External laryngeal manipulation (ELM)
Similar to burp but the emt applies pressure to the thyroid cartilage
External respiration
Gas exchange process that occurs between the alveoli and the surrounding pulmonary capillaries
Flow-restricted oxygen powered ventilation device (FROPVD)
Also known as a manually triggered ventilation device
French catheter
The soft suction catheter consists of flexible tubing
Gastric distention
Ventilating a patient to rapidly does not allow for adequate exhalation and can cause
Gurgling
Sound like gargling usually indicates the presence of blood vomited secretions or other liquid in the airway
Hard catheter
Rigid plastic tube
Head tilt chin lift maneuver
Should be used for opening the airway in a patient who has no suspected spinal injury
Hemoglobin
Found in the cytoplasm of the red blood cells responsible for picking up oxygen in the blood
High pressure regulator
Can provide 50 psi to power a flow-restricted oxygen powered ventilation device
Hyper-fusion/shock
Inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells by the blood
Hypoxemia
Low oxygen content in arterial blood
Hypoxia
Refers to an inadequacy in the amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells
Inhalation/inspiration
Process of breathing air in
Intercostal muscles
Muscles between the ribs
Internal respiration
Gas exchanged process that occurs between the cells and the systemic capillaries
Jaw thrust maneuver
Used to open the airway in such a patient because the head and neck are not tilted back during the maneuver
Laryngectomy
All part of the patients larynx has been removed typically because of cancer
Larynx
Voice box
Lower airway
Extends from the cricoid cartilage at the lower edge of the larynx to the alveoli of the lungs
Minute volume
Amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute
Mucous membrane
Lining the nose damp and sticky
Nasal airway
Or npa is a curved hollow tube of soft plastic or rubber with a flange or flare at the top end abs a bevel at the distal end
Nasal cannula
Preferred device to deliver oxygen in most medical patients
Nasopharyngeal airway
Also known as nasal airway or npa curved hollow tube of soft plastic or rubber
Nasopharynx
Air from the nasal passages enters through what is referred to as
Nonrebreather mask
This device has an oxygen reservoir bag attached to the mask with a one way valve between them that prevents the patients exhaled air from mixing with the oxygen in. Reservoir
Oral airway
Opa semicircular device of hard plastic or rubber that holds the tongue away from the back of the airway
Oropharyngeal airway
Same as oral airway
Oropharynx
Air entering through the mouth travels through
Oxygen humidifier
Adds moisture to the oxygen. Attached to the regulator
Oxygenated
High oxygen concentration and low carbon dioxide
Oxygenation
Process by which the blood and the cells become saturated with oxygen
Parietal pleura
Thicker more elastic layer that adheres to the inner portion of the chest wall
Parietal rebreather mask
Looks similar to the nonrebreather mask but is equipped with a two way valve that allows the patient to rebreathe about one third of his exhaled air
Patent airway
Open airway
Pharynx
Throat
Pleura
Two layers of connective tissues surrounding the lungs
Pleural space
Between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura
Positive pressure ventilation
Process of forcing air into a patients lungs
Pressure regulator
Gas flow from an oxygen cylinder is controlled by a
Pulmonary ventilation
Simply ventilation or breathing mechanical process of moving air in and out the lungs
Residual volume
Air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
Respiration
The process of gas exchange that occurs between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries as well as the glucose and oxygen during normal metabolism within the cells
Respiratory arrest
Called apnea occurs when a patient completely stops breathing
Respiratory distress
A condition in which the patient is working harder to breath
Respiratory failure
Occurs when the respiratory rate and tidal volume is insufficient
Respiratory rate
Rate of breathing
Retractions
Pulling inward of the intercostal muscles of the chest as well as excessive use of the neck muscles during inspiration
Rigid catheter
Ridged plastic tube
Serious fluid
Acts as a lubricant to reduce friction when the layers of the pleura rub against each other during breathing
Simple face mask
Has no reservoir and can deliver up to 60 percent of oxygen depending on the patients tidal volume
Snoring
Sonorous sounds occurs when the upper airway is partially obstructed by the tongue or by relaxed tissues in the pharynx
Soft catheter
Soft suction catheter consists of flexible tubing
Stoma
Surgical opening in front of the neck through which the patient breathes air into the trachea
Stridor
Harsh high pitched sound heard during inspiration
Tachypnea
Excessively rapid breathing rate and may indicate inadequate oxygen
Therapy regulator
Can administer oxygen from 0.5 1pm up to 25 lpm
Thyroid cartilage
Adam’s apple
Tidal volume
Amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one respiration
Tonsil tip/tonsil sucker
Used to suction the mouth and orioharynx of an unresponsive patient
Trachea
Commonly known as the windpipe
Tracheostomy
Stoma is created by cutting through the skin and into the trachea to relieve an obstruction higher in the trachea
Tracheostomy mask
Used to deliver aerosolized medication bland aerosol therapy or oxygen to a patient with a tracheostomy tube
Tracheostomy tube
Curved hollow tube made of rubber plastic or metal is inserted into the stoma to help hold it open
Upper airway
Extends from the nose and mouth to the cricoid cartilage the most inferior portion of the larynx
Ventilation
Passage of air into and out of the lungs
Venturi mask
Low flow oxygen system that provides precise concentrations of oxygen through an entrainment valve connected to the face mask
Visceral pleura
Innermost covering of the lung
Yankauer catheter
Commonly referred to as tonsil tip or tonsil sucker
