ch. 10

Question 1

visual imagery

Answer 1

“seeing” in the absence of a visual stimulus

• provides a way of thinking that adds another dimension to purely verbal techniques

Question 2

imageless-thought debate

Answer 2

the debate about whether thought is possible in the absence images

Question 3

paired-associate learning

Answer 3

subjects are presented w/ pairs of words, during study periods like “tree-boat”. Then presented during the test period w/ 1st word from each pair. Task is to recall the word that was paired w/ it during the study period

Question 4

conceptual-peg hypothesis

Answer 4

concrete nouns easier to remember than abstract nouns

• associated w/ paivio’s dual coding theory that states the concrete nouns create images that other words can hang onto, which enhances memory for these words

Question 5

mental chronometry

Answer 5

determining the amount of time needed to carry out a cognitive task

• participants mentally rotated one object to see if it matched another object

Question 6

mental scanning

Answer 6

participants create mental images and then scan them in their minds

Question 7

spatial representation

Answer 7

is a epiphenomenon

• representation in which different pairs of an image can be described as corresponding to specific locations in space

Question 8

epiphenomenon

Answer 8

phenomenon that accompanies a mechanism but is not actually part of the mechanism

ex: epiphenomenon is lights that flash on a mainframe computer as it operates

Question 9

imagery debate

Answer 9

Debate based on spatial mechanism, such as those involved in perception, or on propositional mechanism that are related to language

Question 10

propositional representation

Answer 10

symbols, language that represent objects & the relationships between objects

verbal - “the cat is under the table”

Question 11

depictive (spatial) representation

Answer 11

similar to realistic pictures

• image of a cat under a table

Question 12

tacit-knowledge explanation

Answer 12

use this knowledge of what we know to make these decision (used this by creating a mental image of the boat…we use our typical knowledge that the motor is in the back and anchor is in the front)

Question 13

mental -walk task

Answer 13

task was to estimate how far away they were from the animal until they experienced overflow.

elephant, rabbit, and fly

Question 14

imagery neurons

Answer 14

respond to both perceiving and imagining an object

• overlap in brain activation
• visual cortex

Question 15

unilateral neglect

Answer 15

patient ignores objects in one half of visual field in perception and imagery

Question 16

method of loci

Answer 16

visualizing items to be remembered in different locations in a mental image of a spatial layout

Question 17

food craving

Answer 17

intense desire to eat a specific food

Question 18

pegword technique

Answer 18

associate items to be remembered with concrete words

• pair each of these things with a pegword
• create a vivid image of things to be remembered with the object represented by the word