Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Ch. 10 > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Blood

A

The only fluid tissue in the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much body weight is made up of blood

A

approximately 8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many liters of blood are in Males

A

5-6 liters, or 6 quarts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many liters of blood are in Women

A

4-5 liters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What tissue is blood classified as

A

Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percent of blood are living cells aka formed elements

A

45%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percent of blood are apart of the Nono-living cell matrix aka plasma

A

55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What color is Oxygen-rich blood

A

Scarlet Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What color is Oxygen-poor blood

A

Dull Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What must the pH of blood be

A

7.35-7.45 (basic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is blood temperature slightly higher than body temperature

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the average temperature of blood

A

38 degrees C or 100.4 degrees F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is 90% of Blood Plasma composed of

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is included in the 100 dissolved substances in Blood Plasma

A 
Nutrients
Salts (metal ions)
Respiratory gasses
Hormones
Proteins
Waste Products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What regulates the osmotic pressure of Plasma proteins

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does regulating osomtic pressure do

A

Keeps H2O in the Bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What function does Clotting Proteins serve,

A

they help to stop blood loss when a blood vessel is injured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of Antibodies

A

The help protect the body from pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Erythrocytes

A

Red Blood Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are Leukocytes

A

White Blood Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are Platelets

A

Cell fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many Erythrocytes are their per mm3 of blood

A

4-6 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the main function of Erythrocytes

A

To carry oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the Anatomy of circulatiing erythrocytes

A

Salmon-colored Biconcave disks
Bags of hemoglobin
Anucleate (no nucleus)
Very few organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

By how much do Erythrocytes (RBC’s) outnumber Leukocytes (WBC’s)

A

1000:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What kind of protein is Hemoglobin (Hb)

A

Iron-containing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does hemoglobin Bind to strongly but reversibly

A

oxygen and some CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How many oxygen binding sites are in Hemoglobin

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many hemoglobin molecules are in erythrocytes

A

250 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how many G’s of Hemoglobin are in every 100 mL of blood for men

A

13-18 g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how many G’s of hemoglobin are in every 100 mL of blood for women

A

12-16g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

I oxygen used to trasport oxygen

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the effect of Anemia

A

A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is Anemia caused by:

A

Low red blood cell count or low hemoglobin (Hb) count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is Sickle-cell anemia

A

genetic defect of RBC’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What causes the body to work overtime transporting oxygen, which causes red blood cells to sickle

A

Deficient amounts of Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What do Leukocytes do for the body

A

They defend the body against disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are Leukocytes (WBC’s)

A

Completed cells, with a nucleus and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are Leukocytes Capable of

A

Diapedesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does diapedesis mean

A

they are able to move into and out of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

In what way are Leukocytes capable of moving

A

by ameboid motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What do Leukocytes respond to

A

Chemicals released by damaged tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the normal levels of Leukocytes in the blood

A

4,000-11,000 cells per mm3 of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is Leukocytosis

A

When leukocyte levels are Above 11,000 cells in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What does Leukocytosis mean

A

an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is Leukopenia

A

Abnormally low leukocyte levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What causes Leukopenia

A

certain drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are the types of Leukocytes

A

Granulocytes

Argranulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are the types of Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are types of Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

51
Q

What is a characteristic of a Granulocyte

A

Granules in their cytoplasma can be stained

52
Q

What is a characteristic of a Agranolocytes

A

They lack visible cytoplasmic granules

53
Q

What is the characteristic of Neutrophils

A

Multilobed nucleus withfine granules

54
Q

What is the function of Neutrophils

A

They act as phagocytes at active sites of infection

55
Q

What is the characteristic of Eosinophils

A

Large brick-red cytoplasmic granules

56
Q

What is the function of Eosinophils

A

they respond to allergies and parasitic worms

57
Q

What is a characteristic of Basophils

A

Histamine- containing granules

58
Q

What is the function of Basophils

A

To initiate inflammation

59
Q

What is a characteristic of Lymphocytes

A

Nucleus fills most of the cell

60
Q

What is the function of Lymphocytes

A

they play an important role in the immune response

61
Q

What is a characteristic of Monocytes

A

they are the Largest of White Blood Cells

62
Q

Where are Platelets from

A

Ruptured multinucleate cells called magakaryocytes

63
Q

What are Platelets needed for

A

the Clotting process

64
Q

What is the normal Platelet count in the blood

A

250,000-500,000 per mm3 of blood

65
Q

What is the Function of Hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell formation

66
Q

Where does Hematopoiesis occur

A

Red bone marrow

67
Q

What common stem are all blood cells derived from

A

Hemocytoblast

68
Q

How do Hemocytoblast differentiat

A

Lymphoid stem cell and Myeloid stem cell

69
Q

What do Lymphoid stem cells produce

A

Lymphocytes

70
Q

What do Myeloid stem cells produce

A

other formed elements

71
Q

What are the early sites of blood formation

A

Fetal liver and Spleen

72
Q

By the seventh month what takes over hematopoiesis

A

Bone Marrow

73
Q

What are Erythrocytes unable to do

A

Divide, grow, or synthesize proteins

74
Q

When do Erythrocytes wear out

A

in 100 to 120 days

75
Q

What happens to Erythrocytes when they are worn out

A

they are eliminated by phagocytes in the spleen or liver

76
Q

What happens to the lost Erythrocytes

A

they are replaced by by divisions of the hemocytoblasts

77
Q

What is erythrocyte Production rate controlled by

A

Hormone Erythropoietin

78
Q

In response to what do Kidneys produce most erythropoietin

A

Reduced oxygen levels in the blood

79
Q

What is homeostasis maintained by

A

negative feedback from blood oxygen levels

80
Q

What is the effect of Hemostasis

A

Stoppage of blood flow

81
Q

What is the result of Hemostasis

A

a break in a blood vessel

82
Q

What are the three phases of Hemostasis

A
  1. Platelet plug formation
  2. Vascular spasms
  3. Coagulation
83
Q

What is the formation process for a platelet plug

A
  1. Collagen fibers are exposed by a break in the blood vessel
  2. Platelets become “sticky” and cling to fibers
  3. Anchored platelets release chemicals to attract more platelets
  4. Platelets pile up to form a platelet plug
84
Q

What is the process of an Vascular Spasms

A
  1. Anchored platelets release serotonin
  2. Serotonin causes blood vessel muscles to spasm
  3. Spasm narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss
85
Q

What is the process of Coagulation

A
  1. Injured tissues release thromboplatin
  2. PF3 (a phospholipid) interacts with thromboplastin, blood protein clotting factors, and calcim ions to trigger clotting cascade
  3. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin (an enzyme)
  4. Thrombin joins fibrinogen proteins into hair-like fibrin
  5. Fibrin forms a meshwork (the basis for a clot)
86
Q

How fast does blood usually clot

A

in 3 to 6 minutes

87
Q

What regenerates as the clot remains

A

endothelium

88
Q

What happens to the clot after tissue repair

A

its broken down

89
Q

What are examples of Undesirable Clotting

A

Thrombus

Embolus

90
Q

Whats a Thrombus

A

a clot in an unbroken blood vessel

91
Q

In what areas is Thrombus deadly at

A

areas like the heart

92
Q

Whats a Embolus

A

a thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in the bloodstream

93
Q

What can Embolus’s do

A

clog vessels in critical areas such as the brain

94
Q

What are two types of Bleeding Disorders

A

Thrombocytopenia and Hemophilia

95
Q

What is Thrombocytopenia

A

a Platelet Deficiency

96
Q

What can cause bleeding when someone has Thrombocytopenia

A

Normal Movements can casue bleeding from small blood vessels that require platelets for clotting

97
Q

What is Hemophilia

A

Hereditary bleeding disorder, carried on X chromosomes

98
Q

What factors are missing in Hemophilia

A

Normal clotting factors

99
Q

What happens after 15-30 percent of blood is lost

A

you feel weak

100
Q

What happens when more than 30 percent of blood is lost

A

the body goes into shock which can be fatal

101
Q

Whats the only way to replace blood quickly

A

Blood Transfusions

102
Q

What does blood contain

A

Genetically determined proteins

103
Q

What may a foreign protein (antigen) attacked by

A

The immune system

104
Q

How is blood typed

A

by using antibodies that will cause blood with certain proteins to clump (aglutination)

105
Q

How many common red blood cell antigens are their

A

over 30

106
Q

What are vigorous transfusions reactions caused by

A

ABO and Rh blood group antigens

107
Q

What are the blood types antigens

A

Type A

Type B

108
Q

What is the blood type when antigens A and B are missing

A

Type O

109
Q

What blood type is it when both Type A and Type B are present

A

Type AB

110
Q

What are Genes A an B

A

dominant alleles that are represented with the corresponding letter

111
Q

What is gene O

A

a recessive allele and is written with an i

112
Q

Where were the Rh blood groups originally found

A

in the Rhesus monkey

113
Q

What are the blood types antigens

A

Type A

Type B

114
Q

What is the blood type when antigens A and B are missing

A

Type O

115
Q

What blood type is it when both Type A and Type B are present

A

Type AB

116
Q

What are Genes A an B

A

dominant alleles that are represented with the corresponding letter

117
Q

What is gene O

A

a recessive allele and is written with an i

118
Q

Where were the Rh blood groups originally found

A

in the Rhesus monkey

119
Q

What are most Americans

A

Rh+

120
Q

Problems can occur when mixing___blood into a body with ____blood

A

Rh+; Rh-

121
Q

What is done in blood typing

A

Blood samples are mixed with ant-A serum, anti-B serum, and anti-D serum

122
Q

What are most Americans

A

Rh+

123
Q

Problems can occur when mixing___blood into a body with ____blood

A

Rh+; Rh-

124
Q

What is done in blood typing

A

Blood samples are mixed with ant-A serum, anti-B serum, and anti-D serum

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions