Ch. 10/14 documentation & infection control Flashcards
What are the 6 links to chain of infection?
Agent Reservoir Portal of exit Transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host
What is leading cause of death and complications in healthcare setting?
Healthcare-acquired infections (nosocomial)
What are the risk factors for HAIs?
Invasive procedures, long hospitalization, contact with personnel
Who is at risk for obtaining a HAI?
invasive procedure devices
Immune-compromised
underlying medical condition
treatment with multiple antibiotics (on antibiotics for long period of time)
What does asepsis mean?
Absence of disease producing microorganisms
What is aseptic technique?
The methods used to keep patients free from exposure to infection causing organisms. Medical asepsis is clean technique, surgical asepsis is sterile technique
All patients are under standard precautions, t or f?
True
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
What does VRE stand for?
Vancomycin resistant enterococcus
What is c diff?
Clostridium difficile
Causes diarrhea and can live on surfaces for 78 days makes endospores!!
What are the multi-drug resistant organisms?
MRSA, VRE, c diff
What disease would require airborne precautions?
Diphtheria
What disease would require droplet precautions?
Rubella, draining wounds, diarrhea, c diff, TB
If a patient has TB and on droplet precautions, what kind of mask and what else should be used for precautions?
Particulate filtration mask, gowns, negative air private room
What is an outcome for a patient with 3 cm diameter wound?
Reduce wound diameter by 1 cm in 2 days, wound will be free of infection, edema, and drainage
What specific actions can nurse implement to interrupt the chain of infection.
Control or eliminate reservoir
Remove sources of bodily fluids, soiled dressings, discard contaminated disposable articles
What specific actions can nurse implement to interrupt the chain of infection.
Control or eliminate the infectious agent
Clean, disinfect, and sterilize contaminated objects
What specific actions can nurse implement to interrupt the chain of infection.
Control the portals of exit
Avoid talking, sneezing, or coughing over wounds, teach patient to protect others, handle bodily fluids carefully
What specific actions can nurse implement to interrupt the chain of infection.
Control transmission
Disinfect equipment, don’t shake linens, perform hand hygiene
What specific actions can nurse implement to interrupt the chain of infection.
Control susceptibility of host
Adequate nutrition, fluids, and good personal hygiene
What gets taken off last after PPE worn in isolation room?
Mask
What gets taken off first after leaving isolation room?
Gloves
What would the WBC expected results be for someone who has an acute infection?
Elevated
Normal range 5,000-10,000
What would the WBC expected results be for someone who has an overwhelming infection or certain viral infections?
Decreased
Normal range 5,000-10,000
What is normal range of WBC?
5,000-10,000
What would be the expected results of erythrocyte sedimentation rate for a patient experiencing the inflammatory process?
Elevated
Normal range: up to 15 mm/hr for men and 20 for women
What would the expected iron level be for a patient with a chronic infection?
Decreased
Normal range 80-180 for men and 60-180 for women
What is the normal iron level?
80-180 for men and 60-180 for women
Would blood cultures be sterile for a patient with infection?
No, they would show microorganism growth, normally blood would be sterile without microorganism growth
Would basophils be normal during infection?
Yes!
What would be increased during parasitic infection?
Eosinophils
What would be increased during a protozoal, rickettsial, and TB infections?
Monocytes
Normal 2-8%
Would you expect lymphocytes to be increased during a chronic bacterial or viral infection?
Yes
Normal 20-40%
Would would the expected results be for lymphocytes for a septic patient?
Decreased
Normal 20-40%
What would the expected neutrophil results be for a patient with an acute infection?
Increased
Normal 55-70%
What are expected neutrophil results for older adult with an overwhelming bacterial infection?
Decreased
Normal 55-70%
What PPE is used for patients on contact precautions?
Gown and gloves
What do you check every time you enter a patients room for care?
Arm band, ask patients name and DOB
What is purpose of records?
Communication Reimbursement Research Legal documentation Education Quality process and performance improvement
What is number one thing we can do to control infection?
Perform hand hygiene!
When is body temperature lowest?
Early morning
When does body temp peak?
Late afternoon and gradually decline during the night
When is fever most accurately identified?
Between 5-7 pm
What is the WBC in a non pregnant adult that suggests infection and what can it lead to?
12,000 hyperthermia
