Ch 10-13 Flashcards
What is Motivation?
The force that makes people behave, think or feel the way they do.
What are the theories of Motivation?
1) Drive-Reduction Theory
2) Optimal Arousal Theory
Explain the Drive-Reduction theory?
There are 2 elements; a drive and a need. As a drive gets stronger, we are motivated to reduce it. It is not comprehensive because people often increase than reduce the drive.
Define Drive
An aroused state of tension caused by a physiological need. A drive is a psychological need.
Define a Need
It is the deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the underlying drive
Explain the Optimal Arousal Theory
There is a certain level of arousal that is ideal for a person to attain their goals. Motivation influences arousal levels.
State the Yerkes-Dodson Law
Performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than high or low arousal.
High arousal – Anxious (not concentrated)
Low Arousal – Lethargic (tired).
Define Overlearning
Learning to perform a task so well it becomes automatic
What 3 substances play a role in hunger, eating and satiety (state of feeling full)?
1) Glucose
2) Insulin
3) Leptin
State the importance of Glucose
The brain depends on sugar for energy. The sugar receptors in the brain trigger hunger when sugar levels are too low, the other receptor in the liver stores excess sugar and releases it when needed.
State the importance of insulin
Insulin is a hormone that controls glucose levels. It increases when eating then gradually decreases.
State the importance of Leptin
Leptin is made by fat cells, it decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure/metabolism. Almost like an anti-obesity hormone.
What is the relationship between leptin and insulin?
Insulin increases the production of leptin, leptin reduces insulin release.
What is the role of the lateral hypothalamus when eating?
Stimulates eating
What is the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus in eating?
It reduces hunger ad restricts eating.
How does Leptin influence eating?
By inhibiting the production of a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that induces eating.
List some risks of obesity.
- Heart disease
- Type 2 diabetes
- High BP
- Neurodegeneration
- Cancer
Is Obesity inherited?
Yes, as it is a genetic mutation where cells cannot produce leptin.
What is a set point?
Where weight is maintained when the individual makes no effort to lose or gain weight. It is determined by the adipose cells (fat cells) stored in the body.
What are restrained eaters?
People who go on diets and are at a high risk of getting an eating disorder.
What is restrained eating?
Where people deliberately restrict food intake to lose weight and they stop eating high-calorie foods.
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
It is the goal of becoming extremely thin through starvation, there is an intense fear of gaining weight. They have a distorted body image (never being thin enough).
What are the consequences of Anorexia Nervosa?
Thinning of bones and hair, low blood pressure, severe constipation, damage to heart and thyroid.
