Ch 10 Flashcards
Simon de Montfort
Thought Henry 111 expenditures too great and revolted, won but lost power, got a group who signed m.c. And reps from towns to secure loyalty and inform public. Married h111 sister
Henry 111
R. 1216-1272
Forced to reissue Magna Carta and have a regent rep. Him at parliament, bad relations with barons, only raise taxes w/parliament, tried to regain Normandy and failed, lots of costly and expensive wars, barons revolted but got it back
Edward 1
R.1272-1307
Got welsh, Scotland, diplomatic war with France, breach with church, did statutes of realm and model parliament, respected bold fighter and crusader
Model parliament
Edward 1 2 houses:
House of Lords: tenants in chief, upper nobility, bishops, powerful abbots
House of Commons: 2 knights from every shore and 2 reps of town
Power of the purse
Edward had reps elected from towns grant him full power to tax b/c Magna Carta way of getting $ for war didnt work, H of C had the power, had to consent to taxes for a town
Statutes of realm
Edward 1 wanted to make law more flexible, set precedent for only changing law by legislation not admin decision, restricted nobility and clergy’s rights, limited money bishops could send to Rome, new emphasis on securing consent of parliament
Philip IV, the fair
R. 1285-1314 French
War 1294-1302 to get England off continent but fr relied on eng for wool and so towns revolted, debatable if capable or let others do stuff for him, to get $ for war he imprisoned merchants, got pope to declare knights heretics, confiscated Jewish property, taxes from church, estates general
Estates general
3 houses 1. Nobility 2. Clergy 3. Commoners (urban middle class)
Granted taxes and went with kings policies, Philip had them meet to go against boniface
Interregnum
Period in which state has no ruler
Germany went through it til Habsburg
Rudolph Habsburg
R. 1273-1291
Elected to end interregnum bc he was minor noble with isolated lands near alps, limited the outlawry of knights acting as tyrants, couldn’t tke on nobles, took Austria and kept it for family so got kicked out and Lux replaced, lost 3 Swiss cantons,
Luxembourgs
Elected 1308 after habsburgs, used power to gain family holdings, Charles IV made golden bull
Charles IV
R. 1346-1378 Luxembourg
Made golden bull
Golden bull
To stabilize process of electing emperor, 7 electors (3 ecclesiastics and 4 nobles)
Meet 1 month after king dies and elect new one
Michael VIII Palaeologus
R. 1216-1282 Nicean Empire
Recaptured Constantinople bc neither side would cross river, subdued Bulgarian empire by marrying females off , left empire Byzantine, not good legacy
Balkanization
In 20th c. It’s splitting territory up, Byzantine emperors often settled various tribes
Mongols
Turkic region, nomadic tribes under chief, amassed largest empire ever known, power over China, Afghanistan, Persia, Caucasus, Beijing, Slavs. Got part of Russia est Golden Horde
Golden Horde
Capital of a division of Mongol, maintained suzerainty over lands but princes got to rule them and had to give money to them
Genghis khan
Chief of monols, inflexible emperor, got largest empire
Batu
Grandson of genghis, got Poland, Hungary and Russia
Roger bacon
1214-94 English Franciscan
Philosophy to investigate natural laws, founder of western scientific writing, argued knowledge can be verified only be ecperimental science (hypothesis and test)
William Ockham
1285-1349 English Franciscan
Philosophy to investigate natural law, didnt attack aquinas but said Christian faith can’t be proved, observation for heaven and earth
Ockham’s razor
Guiding principle in logical argument, what can be explained by fewer principles is explained needlessly by more. Simplicity of argument
St. Bona venture
1221-1274
Contemporary of Thomas aquinas, used intuited principles to prove God, emphasized spiritual exercises, see God in creaturs, contemplation leads to revelation in God’d existence
Transsubstantiation
Miraculous conversion of bread and wine into body and blood of Christ
Corpus Christi Day
To aid laity in understanding importance of Eucharist, procession, popular plays, lots of anti-semitism,
Anti-semitism
Chrch made them wear Star of David, participation of Jews lending money led to feelings of hostility and competition by Christianz,
Simony
Act of paying for a sacrament, for bishops and popes lifestyles
Beguines
Pious laywomen in groups that were kind of monastic in 12th c. Europe. Lived in houses with each other or families, didnt take vows but devoted to simple tasks, may eventually marry, chrchnwanted them in Dominican order
Beghars
Male counterpart of beguiens
Boyars
Hereditary nobility, brutally destroyed by Ivan IV
Ivan IV, the terrible
E. 1530-1584
Founder of Russian state–undies Russia and ppl and made govt centralized and himself autocrat of Russia, destroyed boyars
Sudebnik
Like Byzantine emperors made new laws, Ivan 111
Tsar
Ivan III gave himself this title
Ivan III
R. 1462-1505
Completed unification of Russian land, laid foundations for mod r, acquired Novgorod cuz neither side wanted to cross river, made himself tsar, rebuilt Moscow and made it pretty, proclaimed sudebnik
Moscow
Ivan 1 made it prominent, 3rd Rome, headquarters of Russian church, eventually capital of Russia
Ivan I
R. 1328-1341
Made Moscow important, got more territory on N Volga R, courted favor of Golden Horde, became grand duke of Russia from Mongols, got authority to collect $ from Russia lands while making $ for own treasury,
Kremlins
Period 12-15thnc. Age of feudal Russia, nearly all towns had them, lots of small divisin towns
Novgorod
Devastation/invasions o Mongols into Russia, Russians moved N to region rule by Novgorod, these immigrants are ancestors i modern Russians
Celestine V
1294 elected bc papacy losing prestige, famous hermit, assumed he’d be a pious figurehead, resigned bc of corruption
Boniface VIII
R. 1294-1303
Successor to Celestine V, forbade clergy from making payments w/out papal permission, Eng ignored and Phillip retaliated with estates general and forbidding exports going to Rome, issued another bull condemning him, Philip had him arrested and got rescued
Clericis Laicos
1296- boniface VIII, papal bull (use 1st 2 words) forbade all clergy from making payments w:out papal permission, have pope control of royal finances eng ignored, Philip freaked
Unam sanctum
Papal bull after Philip did estates general, declared Philip must submit to boniface’s authority or risk damnation of immortal soul, Philip had him arrested and next pope revoked it
Clement V
Elected pope 1305, postponed going to Rome and stayed in French speaking city of Avignon, for 68 yrs popes loved in fr. Monarchy shadow, Rome wouldn’t give $ so had to fund lifestyle w/ simony, tithes on clergy, sold divorced and penance and exemptions from law
Geography of Europe
Surrounded by water=expansion
Temperate climate=animals=disease immunity
Natural resources
Legacy of euro
No unification for long time so competition and innovation and outward looking expansion
3 trends of w. civ. foundation
- globalization-ideas expansion
- democritization-spread of ideas
- Modernization-old things new
Founders of w. civ.
Ancient Greece-democracy, philosophy
Alexander the Great massadonian- expansion and globalized Greek philosophy
Romans-stoicism and paxromana
Christianity’s influence
- soul is immortal and must go someplace so morals and gives everyone equality
- monotheism
St Augustine
Church father, city of god and man get to city of god. Use church to do it, justifies church power
Pope
Holds all spiritual power on earth, probs with having political power too
Stoicism
Do your duty for the whole even if you don’t like it, roman
Feudalism
Loyalty to one person, service for protection.
Small and local. German
Charlemagne-Charles the great
Only person that tried to fix m.a.
Learning and writing but died and it fell apart and Vikings cme
Became dark ages
Plato
Everything we know we are born knowing we just have to discover it.
Rationalist
Rationalist
Everything we want to learn is there, we have to think rationally why/what
Aristotle
Must experience things to gain knowledge. Empiricism
Empiricism
Knowledge comes from experience
St Thomas aquinas
Scholasticism-bridge faith and reason
Ppl have reason and getting to heaven is faith and experiencing faith is happiness.
