Ch. 1 Vocab Flashcards
Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
Chemical
Any substance that has a definite composition or is used or produced in a chemical process.
Mass
Measure of the amount of matter.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Atom
Smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom.
Compound
A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Made of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded.
Extensive Properties
Depend on the amount of matter that is present.
Intensive Properties
Do not depend on the amount of matter present.
Physical Property
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
Physical Change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.
Change of State
Physical change of a substance from one state to another. Ex: solid, gas, liquid.
Solid state
Definite volume, definite shape.
Liquid State
Definite volume, indefinite shape.
Gas State
Indefinite volume and shape.
Plasma
High-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms.
Chemical Property
Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.
Chemical Change/Reaction
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.
Reactants
Substances that react in a chemical change.
Products
Substances that are formed by the chemical change.
Mixture
A blend of 2 or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.
Homogeneous Mixture
Uniform in composition.
Ex: salt water and sugar water
Solution
Homogeneous mixtures.
Heterogeneous mixture
Not uniform throughout. Ex: sand, dusty atmosphere, clay and water, sand and water.
Pure Substance
Has a fixed composition. *Always homogeneous.
Pure Substances differ from mixtures in:
1) Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic Properties.
2) Every sample of a pure substance has exactly the same composition.
Groups/Family
Vertical columns of the periodic table.
Periods
The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table.
Metal
Element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor.
Nonmetal
Element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
Metalloid
Element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals.
