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Unit 1 Population Biology > Ch. 1 Themes of Biology & Inquiry > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Themes of Biology & Inquiry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is “Biology”

A

the study of life

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2
Q

How do we define “life” or living things?

A

by what they do

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3
Q

Themes in biology

A

Organization
Information
Energy and matter
Interaction
Evolution

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4
Q

What does evolution make sense of?

A

Everything we know about life on Earth (shows us the diversity of the past and present)

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5
Q

Attributes and properties of life

A

Order
Energy processing
Growth and development
Response to the environment
Reproduction
Regulation
Evolutionary adaptation

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6
Q

Levels of biological information

A

Biosphere
Ecosystems
Communities
Populations
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecules

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7
Q

How many levels of biological information are there?

A

10

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8
Q

What is the biological information acronym

A

Being elegant can probably organize onions that call ovens musty

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9
Q

Biosphere:

A

can see all life on earth and places where life is

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10
Q

Ecosystems

A

all living things in a particular area: non-living things

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11
Q

Communities

A

array of organisms in a particular biological community (set of populations)

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12
Q

Populations

A

All individuals living within bounds of a specific area that interbreed with each other

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13
Q

Organisms

A

Individual living things

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14
Q

Organs

A

Body part made up of many tissues and has specific functions in the body

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15
Q

Tissues

A

Group of cells that work together to perform specialized function (leaves, stems, roots)

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16
Q

Cells

A

Lifes fundamental unit of structure and functions of life (plant cell, animal cell, human cell)

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17
Q

Organelles

A

various functional components present in cells (cholorplast)

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18
Q

Molecules

A

Chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms (chlorophyll)

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19
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

membrane closed organelles containing a nucleus, DNA cite and other organelles specific to the cell type

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20
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

lacks a nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles… generally smaller

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21
Q

(eukaryotic) Cells have DNA which contain

A

Chromosomes

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22
Q

Each chromosome contains 1 big ___ ______ with thousands of genes (unit of inheritance)

A

DNA Molecule

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23
Q

Specific sequences of _____ encode information in genes.

A

Nucleotides

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24
Q

DNA Molecule is made up of….

A

2 long strands or called a double helix

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25
Q

A double helix is made up of how many nucleotides?

A

4 (A,T,C,G)

26
Q

A sequence of nucleotides along a gene is transcribed into

A

mRNA… which is translated to linked series of protein building blocks called ino ac_d.

27
Q

What do amino acids do?

A

Form specific protein with its own shape and function.

28
Q

Gene expression is

A

the process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs.

29
Q

Differences in organisms reflect differences between _____ ______ rather than _____ ____.

A

nucleotide sequences; genetic codes

30
Q

Genomics is the

A

Study of large-scale analysis of DNA

31
Q

Proteomics is the

A

Study of sets of proteins and their properties.

32
Q

The whole “library’’ of genetic instructions an organism acquires is

A

Genome

33
Q

How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

A

cellular activities require work and work requires energy; primarily from the sun. producers use photosynthesis while consumers get chemical energy from food such as other organisms or plants. When an organism uses chemical energy to work then heat is lost/ produced.

34
Q

Energy flows in an ecosystem from ____ to ____.

A

light; heat

35
Q

The chemical cycle in an ecosystem is

A

used and recycled. Chemical are returned to the earth by decomposition/ decomposers.

36
Q

Feedback regulation is

A

the regulation of a process by its output or end product.

37
Q

The most common feedback is NEGATIVE FEEDBACK which is

A

A response that reduces the initial stimulus (ex: high glucose levels stimulate insulin to be produced. binds to cells and they take them in which in turn reduces the glucose level)

38
Q

Positive feedback is

A

when the end product speeds up its own production (ex: blood clotting)

39
Q

Evolution is

A

the “descent with modification”
-process of biological change which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to their environment over time
-also defined as change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation.

40
Q

3 domains of life

A

Bacteria and Archaea
Eukarya

41
Q

Unity

A

features of a cell structure among distantly related organisms

42
Q

Natural selection is

A

a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits

43
Q

Science is

A

the way of knowing an approach to understand our natural world

44
Q

Inquiry

A

the search of information and explanations of a natural phenomena

45
Q

Recorded information is

A

Data
Qualitative/ Quantitative

46
Q

Hypothesis

A

is an explanation based on observations and assumptions leading to a testable prediction.

47
Q

Experiment is a

A

scientific test carried out under controlled conditions.

48
Q

Deductive reasoning uses what theory

A

Deductive reasoning… If then statement

49
Q

Controlled experiment

A

one designed to compare an experimental group

50
Q

variables

A

feature/ quantity that varies in an experiment

51
Q

independent variable

A

factor being manipulated by researchers

52
Q

dependent variable

A

factor being measured that is predicted to be affected by the independent variable

53
Q

Theory

A

Broad scope hypothesis: general enough to spin off new hypothesis and generally supported by much more evidence

54
Q

model organism

A

species that is easy to grow in the lab and lends itself particularly well to the questions being answered.

55
Q

Emergent properties

A

the whole is greater than the sum of parts

56
Q

Two major processes that describe ecosystem dynamics are

A

Natural selection
Evolution

57
Q

In the vast majority of organisms there is a relationship between ________ and ______

A

Structure/ Form
Function

58
Q

Living things are placed in nested groupings that reflect unifying characteristics. Broadest of narrowest.

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Organism
Family
Genus
Species

59
Q

Acronym for DKPCOFGS

A

Don’t kinky people come over for great sex

60
Q

How is discovery science and hypothesis based scientific inquiry different?

A

-Discovery uses natural structure/process by using observations and data analysis. Uses induction not scientific method.
-Hypothesis based: Obervartions led to questions. Hypothesis. Explanations, predictions, results, observations to be repeatable. Deductive reasoning… if then.

Unit 1 Population Biology (4 decks)

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