Ch. 1: The Culturally Competent Counselor Flashcards
The first three forces, as they are called, of counseling
psychodynamic, behaviorism, and existentialism/humanism
4 & 5 Forces of Counseling
Multicultural Counseling & Social Advocacy
may be defined as counseling that actively considers the influence of the counselor and client’s cultural identities on the counseling relationship, process, and outcome
Multicultural Counseling
the degree to which individuals identify themselves as belonging to subgroups of various cultural groups or categories, is influenced by their experiences with others within and outside of a particular cultural category
Cultural Identity
consists of the shared values, practices, social norms, and worldviews associated with a particular cultural group or individual.
Culture
refers to commonalities shared by all cultures and, in fact, all humankind (e.g., use of language as a method of communication, establishment of social norms, bodily functions, physiological fear responses).
Universal Culture
involves the characteristics shared by a cultural group or subgroup (e.g., Asian Americans, women, individuals raised in the southern United States, those living in poverty).
Group Culture
consists of those behaviors, attitudes, and cognitions which are unique to specific individuals
Individual Culture
is the narrow and rigid view of other cultural groups that ensues when one uses one’s own cultural groups as a reference and standard of normality
Ethnocentricism, Cultural Encapsulation
conceptualization of one’s relationship with the world
Worldview
refers to the system that individuals believe is accountable for things that happen to them
Locus of Responsibility
An _____ locus of responsibility (_R) refers to the idea that success (or failure) is viewed as the result of individuals’ own doings.
Internal
An _____ locus of responsibility (_R) refers to the notion that the social environment is responsible for what happens to individuals.
External
represents the degree of control that individuals perceive they have over their environment
Locus of Control
An ____ locus of control (_C) refers to the belief that consequences are dependent on individuals’ actions
Internal
An ____ locus of control (_C) refers to the notion that consequences result by chance and are outside individuals’ control.
External
A multicultural orientation or the extent to which counselors value the role of culture in individuals’ lives and can be open to “otherness” in their work. Cultural humility is a process-oriented and critical stance to cultural learning within self and others
Cultural Humility
is a mental or physical impairment that affects at least one of an individual’s daily activities. Individuals with disabilities often face discrimination referred to as ableism.
Disability
refers to the shared characteristics of culture, religion, and language, to name a few, with which a group may identify.
Ethnicity
a common component of ethnicity, refers to one’s nation of origin, such as France, Kenya, China, or pre-Columbian America.
Nationality
perspective focuses on the universal qualities common to all cultures and on aspects of counseling that are generalizable across cultures
Etic
perspective involves viewing each client as an individual and evaluating the client by using norms from within the client’s culture while acknowledging individual expressions of those norms
Emic
refers to the biological distinctions between males and females (e.g., hormonal and anatomical differences),
Sex
is the expression of social identities (i.e., boy, girl, man, woman
Gender
that describe behaviors deemed appropriate by a particular culture for boys/men and girls/women.
Gender Roles
refers to the alignment of one’s current gender identity and their biological sex of which they were born.
Cisgender
are the normative expressions of stereotypical and socially accepted behaviors for men and women
Masculinity & Femininity
is the blending of masculinity and femininity
Androgyny
refers to clusters of age groups within a particular social and historical context
Generational Status
s the notion that our behaviors and attitudes are guided by incentives that promote self-determination or independence
Individualism
refers to the idea that decisions, and thus what is deemed important, are based on the betterment of others, such as community or family members.
Collectivism
refers to the often unconscious and unearned power, access to resources, advantage, and social position based on cultural group memberships.
Privilege
lack of power, inaccessibility of resources, disadvantage, and marginalized social status
Oppression
is the arbitrary, socially constructed classification of individuals and is often based on physical distinctions such as skin color, hair texture, facial form, and shape of the eye.
Race, Racial Group membership
refers to sexual or affectional attraction to the same or opposite gender, or both.
Sexual Orientation
describes the degree of identification with a particular sexual orientation
Sexual Identity
refers to the promotion of an idea, policy, or cause that betters the lives of those who experience oppression.
Social Advocacy
is the realization of a just and equitable world for all individuals
Social Justice
is typically indicated by household income, education level, occupational status, use of public assistance, and access to health care
SES
refers to the connections individuals have with themselves and the universe as a whole
Spirituality
an organizing construct of spirituality, consists of the behaviors and practices of individuals’ faith
Religion
are those who are forced to flee their home country due to war or other violence or political persecution;
Refugees
Share characteristics with refugees, although they have not received a refugee status and accompanying protections and aid
Asylum Seekers
are those who move from place to place, usually for economic reasons such as seasonal work
Migrants
include beliefs about the counselor personally and professionally, as well as those perspectives related to the counseling process and outcome
Attitudinal Factors
involve systemic barriers that make counseling disproportionately available to different clients.
Structural Factors
