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Medical Terminology > Ch 1: Terminations > Flashcards

Ch 1: Terminations Flashcards

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1
Q

Suffix

A

=ending = termination

A suffix is primary if it is composed of one basic part. Derived suffixes are composed of multiple basic parts.

(Primary) x-ia = an abnormal condition involving x

(Derived) x-os-is = an abnormal condition involving x

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2
Q

x-=ize

A

verbal termination

to (do the action of) x

to make (something ) x

example: final-ize, to make something final

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3
Q

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

A

in english most words can be made into adjectives simply by placing them in front of a noun (salad bowl)

Medical dictionaries will regularly use the phase “ pertaining to” p.t. in an similar way

mean

=p.t. x

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4
Q

x-al

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

ex)

nation-al = p.t. a nation

retin-al = p.t the retina
crani-al = p.t. the skull
cost-al = p.t. the ribs
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5
Q

x-ic

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

ex)

lyc-anthrop-ic = p.t. a lycanthrope (wolf-man)

opthalm-ic = p.t. the eyes
thorac-ic = p.t. the chest
tympan-ic = p.t. the middle ear
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6
Q

i.e

A

latin

idas = it is

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7
Q

x-ous

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

ligament-ous = p.t. the ligaments

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8
Q

x-ary

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

urin-ary = p.t. (the) urine

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9
Q

x-ar

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

sol-ar = p.t. the sun (from latin “sol”

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10
Q

x-an

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

medi-an = p.t. the middle

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11
Q

x-ine

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

can-ine = p.t. dogs

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12
Q

x-ac

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

aphrodis-i-ac = p.t. love/ sex (from greeck “aphrodite”)

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13
Q

x-oid

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

resembling x

andr-oid = resembling a man

bacter-oid = remesbling bacteria

there is an -oid for almost anything in med term

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14
Q

x-ia

A

Primary suffixes: Nouns

an abnormal condition involving x

dactyl-ia = an abnormal condition involving a/the digits(s)

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15
Q

x-ist

A

Primary suffixes: Nouns

one who (does the action of) x
one who specializes in x
dactyl-o-scop-ist = one who _examins_ a/the digit(s)
dent-ist = one who specializes in (the) teeth
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16
Q

x-in

A

Primary suffixes: Nouns

a substance (which does the action) of x
cyt-o-tox-in = a substance which poisons cells
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17
Q

Primary suffixes: Nouns

unpredictable noun endings`

A
  • e
  • is
  • ism
  • s
  • y
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18
Q

x-it-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the inflammation of x

laryng-oid-it-is = the inflammation of something resembling the larynx

laryng-oid-it-ic = p.t. the inflammation of something resembling the larynx

Note the existence of adjectival forms =( something resembling) of these noun suffixes

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19
Q

x-o-rrhex-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the rupturing of x (if x can be ruptured)
the rupturing of something involving x (if x cannot be ruptured)

=> if in doubt, assume that x can be ruptured

arthr-al-o-rrhex-is = the rupturing of something p.t. a/the joint(s)

arthr-al-o-rrhect-ic = p.t. the rupturing of something p.t. a/the joint(s)

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20
Q

x-o-schis-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the splitting of x

=> note that this can also refer to the presence of a cleft

crani-o-schis-is = the splitting of the skull

crani-o-schist-ic = p.t. the splitting of the skull

crani-osch-it-ic = p.t. the inflammation (1.14) of the scrotum, involving the skull

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21
Q

x-ias-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the abnormal presence of x

cran-ias-is = the abnormal presence of something involving the skull

can-iast-ic = p.t. the abnormal presence of dogs

=> Note that while -iasis usually forms adjectives of the form -iastic, the alternate form -iasic is also found. (e.g. lithiasic)

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22
Q

x-ias-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

The abnormal presence of x

x-o-path-ias-is
=the abnormal presence of a disease of x

while it may seem redundant, such formations do exist. The termination i-asis is sometimes used as an intensifier, in this case indicating that the disease of x in question is very bad

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23
Q

x-o-clas-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the breaking of x

icon-o-clas-is = the breaking of images

icon-o-clast-ic = p.t. the breaking of images

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24
Q

x-os-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

an abnormal condition involving x

neur-os-is = an abnormal condition involving (a/the) nerve(s)

neur-ot-ic = p.t. an abnormal condition involving (a/the) nerve(s)

=> note that there sis no difference in the meaning between (e.g) “neurosis” and “neuria”
=> x-ia = x-osis

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25
Q

x-otiasis

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

=> -otiasis = osis + iasis

psych-ot-iasis = the abnormal presence of an abnormal condition involving the mind

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26
Q

x-o-necrot-os-is

A

an abnormal condition involving the death of x

=> Note that whatever immediately precedes the suffix -osis does not necessarily itself have an abnormal condition (as in this example, death itself), hence we speak of a condition “involving” x rather than a condition “of” x

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27
Q

x-o-path-y

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

a disease of x

psych-o-path-y = a disease of the mid

psych-o-path-ic = p.t. a disease of the mind

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28
Q

x-o-megal-y

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the enlargement of x

crani-o-megal-y = the enlargement of the skull

crani-o-megal-ic = p.t. the enlargment of the skull

crani-al-o-megal-ic = p.t. the enlargement of something p.t. the skull

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29
Q

x-o-phag-y

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the ingestion of x
= x-o- phag-ia

x-o-phag-ist = one who ingests/ eats x

or = one who specializes in (i.e. studies/ treats) the ingestion of x

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30
Q

x-o-genes-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the production of x

x-o-genet-ic = p.t.. the production of x

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31
Q

x-o-poies-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the formation of x

x-o-poiet-ic = p.t. the formation of x

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32
Q

x-o-kinesis

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the movement of x

x-o-kinet-is = p.t the movement of x
(yet we speak of kinesiology and not kinetiology)

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33
Q

Terminations that end in -ia and -osis

A

the endings should simply be thought of as parts of the terminations. They should not be translated with the phrase “an abnormal condition”

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34
Q

x-algia

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

pain in/involving x

brachi-algia = pain in an/the arm(s)
=> if pain can be felt there, say pain “in” x

brachi-o-kinet-algia = pain involving the movement of an/the arm(s)
=> otherwise, say pain “involving” x

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35
Q

x-odynia

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

pain in/involving x

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36
Q

x-o-plegia

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the paralysis of x

=> if x cannot be paralyzed (i.e.) cannot suffer a complete or partial loss of function), then say “the paralysis of something involving x” instead

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37
Q

x-o-penia

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

a deficiency of x

leuk-o-penia = a deficiency of white things (i.e. of white blood cells)

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38
Q

x-o-rrhagia

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the rapid flowing of (something from) x

hem-o-rrhage = the rapid flowing of blood
=> note the alternate ending -e

crani-o-rrhagic = p.t. the rapid flowing of something from the skull
=> the skull itself doesn’t flow, hence “something from” the skull flows instead in this example.

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39
Q

x-o-malacia

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the softening of x

oste-o-malacia = the softening of a/the bone(s)

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40
Q

x-o-necrosis

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the death of x
=> (x often refers to tissue)

rhin-o-necrosis = the death of the nose

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41
Q

x-o-stenosis

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the narrowing of x

arteri-o-stenosis = the narrowing of an/ the artery/ arteries

arteri-o-stenotic = p.t. the narrowing of an/the artery/arteries

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42
Q

x-o-sclerosis

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the hardening of x

crani-o-sclerosis = the hardening of the skull

crani-o-sclerot-osis = an abnormal condition involving the hardening of the skull

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43
Q

x-o-ptosis

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the downward displacement of x

blephar-o-ptosis = the downward displacement of an/the eyelid(s)

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44
Q

x-o-rrhea

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

The flowing of (something from) x

crani-o-rrhea = the flowing of something from the skull

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45
Q

x-edema

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the swelling of x

x-edematous = p.t. the swelling of x

the difference between (inflammation) and (swelling) is that swelling is a _symptom of inflammaiton

46
Q

x-o-cele

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the protrusion of (something through) x

crani-o-cele = the protrusion of the skull
=> in general, if x can protrude, say “the protrusion of x”
=> if x cannot protrude, say “the protrusion of something through x”

47
Q

x-o-lith

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

a calculus in/involving x

a calculus is often called a “stone” in English. Calculus is simply “little stone” in Latin. Calculi is its plural form.

the formation of calculi is called lithiasis

lith-iasis = the abnormal presence of calculi

48
Q

Terminations in -ia and -y

A

-ia nd -y are often interchangeable in diagnostic terminations

these endings in -ia should simply be thought of as parts of the termination. They should not be translated with the phrase “an abnormal condition”

49
Q

x-ectopia

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the displacement of x

laryng-ectopia = the displacement of the larynx

50
Q

x-o-plasia

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the formation of x

note that -plasia is used much more frequently than -poiesis

51
Q

x-o-dystrophy

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the defective growth of x

muscul-o-dystrophy = the defective growth of a/the muscle(s)

muscul-ar dystrophy = the defective growth p.t. a/the muscle(s)

muscul-ar-o-dystrophy = the defective growth of something p.t. a./the muscle(s)

52
Q

x-atrophy

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the lack of growth of x

crani-atroph-ic = p.t. the lack of growth of the skull

crani-o-trophy = the growth/ nourishment of the skull

53
Q

x-asthenia

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the lack of strength of x

my-asthenia = the lack of strength of a/the muscle(s)

54
Q

x-o-cele

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

this termination has no adjectival/combining form of its own

however, there is a combining form heri-o, made adjectival as heri-al, which has the same meaning.

55
Q

Derived terminations ending in -ia usually form adjectives in -ic

A

ex) dactylectopia => dactelectopic

however, the primary termination -ia cannot be made into an adjective.

ex) “dactylia” cannot become an adjective, but the synonymous “dactylosis” can become the adjective “dactylotic”

56
Q

interchangeable diagnostic terminations

A
  • ia
  • is
  • y
  • esis

exclusively to diagnostic terminations

57
Q

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

A

diagnostic terminations refer to medical problems (among other things) while therapeutic terminations refer to medical treatment of such problems.

since they concern treatment, therapeutic terminations never refer to procedures that would deliberately kill a patient. In contrast, diagnostic terminations may describe deadly conditions.

this must be reflected in our definitions of terms, e.g. craniectomy = the cutting out of something involving (not the fatal “cutting out of the skull” itself).

58
Q

x-o-theraphy

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

treatment by means of x

chem-o-therapy=- treatment by means of chemicals

59
Q

x-o-stasis

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the stopping of x

therm-o-stasis = the stopping of heat

home-o-stasis = the stopping of something involving sameness

60
Q

x-o-plasty

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the surgical repairing of x

cub-o-plasis = the formation of a cube

cub-o-plasty = the surgical repairing of acube

cub-o-plast-ic
=> p.t. the formation of a cube
=> p.t. the surgical repairing of a cube

61
Q

x-o-centesis

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the surgical puncturing of x

amni-o-centesis= the surgical puncturing of amnion (i.e. of the amniotic sack/ fluid)

62
Q

x-o-tomy

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the cutting of x

tonsill-o-tomy = the cutting of a./the tonsil(s)

63
Q

x-ectomy

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the cutting out of x

tonsill-ectomy = the cutting out of a/the tonsil(s)

64
Q

x-o-stomy

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the making of an opening in x

crani-o-stom-ize = to make an opening in the skull
(-ize)

crani-o-stom-ist = one who makes an opening in the skull
(-ist)

65
Q

x-ics

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the science of x

66
Q

x-ics + x-ist

=> x-icist

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

one who specializes in the science of x

crani-o-genet-icist = one who specializes in the science of the production of the skull

67
Q

x-o-logy

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the study of x

bi-o-logy = the study of life

bi-o-log-ic = p.t. the study of life

bi-o-log-ic-al = p.t. something p.t. the study of life
=> in practice there is no difference in the meaning between biologic and biological and other such terms, however this is not the case in every day language is in the case of economic and economical

crani-o-mega-logy = the study of the enlargement of the skull
=> we might expect the spelling of craniomegalology, but avoid it because it is awkward

68
Q

x-o-scopy

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the examination of x

crani-atroph-ic-o-scopy = the examination of something p.t. the lack of growth of the skull

69
Q

x-o-graphy

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the recording of x

70
Q

x-o-graph

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

an instrument for recording x

crani-atroph-ic-o-graph = an instrument for recording something p.t. the lack of growth of the skull

71
Q

x-o-pexy

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the adhesion of x (diagnostic)

the fixation of x (therapeutic)

72
Q

x-o-lysis

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the disintegration of x (diagnostic)

the separation of the adhesions of x (therapeutic)

73
Q

x-o-trophism

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

the tendency to preferentially affect x (diagnostic or therapeutic)

74
Q

x-o-phage

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

something (or a cell) which ingest x

75
Q

x-o-tome

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

an instrument for cutting x

x-o-tom-ic
=> usually means p.t. the cutting of x rather than p.t. an instrument for cutting of x

76
Q

x-extome

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

an instrument for cutting out x

77
Q

x-o-scope

A

Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations

an instrument for examining x

78
Q

x-o-genic

A

Special Adjectives

producing x
=> not p.t the production of x

carcin-o-genic = producing cancer

79
Q

x-o-genous

A

Special Adjectives

produced by x
=> not p.t. something produced by x

carnin-o-genous = produced by cancer

80
Q

x-o-trophic

A

p.t. the growth/ nourishment of x

81
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-iasis

A

x-iasis (x-iast-ic)

82
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-o-phagy

A

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous)

83
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-o-genesis

A

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic)

84
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-algia

A

x-algia (x-alg-ic)

85
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-o-rrhexis

A

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic)

86
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-o-schisis

A

x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic)

87
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-edema

A

x-edema (x-edemat-ous)

88
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-o-malacia

A

x-o-malacia (x-o-malac-ic)

89
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-o-stenosis

A

x-o-stenosis (x-o-stenot-ic)

90
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-agra

A

x-agra (x-agr-al)

91
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-o-plasia

A

x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)

92
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-ectopia

A

x-ectopia (x-ectop-ic)

93
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-o-dysplasia

A

x-o-dysplasia (x-odysplast-ic)

94
Q

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

x-ectasia

A

x-ectasia (x-ectat-ic)

95
Q

craniomalacize

A

crani-o-malac-ize – to soften the skull

96
Q

craniomegalia

A

crani-o-megalia – the enlargement of the skull

97
Q

craniedematous

A

crani-edemat-ous – p.t. the swelling of the skull

98
Q

craniostenotic

A

crani-o-stenot-ic – p.t. the narrowing of the skull

99
Q

craniopenia

A

crani-o-penia – a deficiency of something involving the skull

100
Q

craniolithiasis

A

crani-o-lith-iasis – the abnormal presence of a calculus

in(volving) the skull

101
Q

craniosclerotogenetic

A

crani-o-sclerot-o-genet-ic – p.t. the production of the

hardening of the skull

102
Q

laryngodynia

A

laryng-odynia – pain in the larynx

103
Q

laryngostomin

A

laryng-o-stom-in – a substance that makes an opening in

the larynx

104
Q

laryngostomize

A

laryng-o-stom-ize – to make an opening in the larynx

105
Q

laryngostomist

A

laryng-o-stom-ist – one who makes an opening in the larynx

106
Q

laryngorrheic

A

laryng-o-rrhe-ic – p.t. the flowing of something from the

larynx

107
Q

laryngorrheogenesis

A

laryng-o-rrhe-o-genesis – the production of the flowing of

something from the larynx

108
Q

neuredematodysplastic

A

neur-edemat-o-dysplast-ic – p.t. the defective
formation of something involving the swelling of
the nerves

109
Q

craniototrophic laryngectopodynia

A

crani-ot-o-troph-ic laryng-ectop-odynia – pain
involving the displacement of the larynx, p.t. the
growth/nourishment of something involving an
abnormal condition involving the skull

110
Q

look at

A

ch 1 part 2,

Specify the adjectival/combining form practice, and intro to latin

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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