Ch. 1: some important things to remember

Question 1

organic compounds

Answer 1

compounds that contain carbon

Question 2

atomic number

Answer 2

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 3

mass number

Answer 3

protons + neutrons

Question 4

isotopes

Answer 4

same atomic number, but different mass numbers

Question 5

atomic weight

Answer 5

average mass of the atoms in the element

Question 6

molecular weight

Answer 6

sum of the atomic weights off all the atoms in the molecule

Question 7

what does an atomic orbital tell us?

Answer 7

the volume of space around the nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found

Question 8

minimum energy corresponds to….

Answer 8

maximum stability

Question 9

an atom is most stable if…

Answer 9

its outer shell is either filled or contains 8 electrons

if it has no electrons of higher energy

Question 10

EN is a measure of

Answer 10

the ability of an atom to pull its bonding electrons toward itself

Question 11

electronic configuration describes…

Answer 11

the atomic orbitals occupied by the atom’s electrons

Question 12

a proton is a …..
a hydride ion is…

Answer 12

positively charged hydrogen ion

negatively charged hydrogen ion

Question 13

ionic bond

Answer 13

attraction between ions with opposite charges

Question 14

covalent bond

Answer 14

two atoms share a pair of electrons

Question 15

polar covalent bond

Answer 15

covalent bond between atoms with different EN

Question 16

dipole

Answer 16

positive end and a negative end

Question 17

formal charge formula

Answer 17

FC = # valence electrons - # of electrons the atom has to itself (lone pair electrons and one half of the bonding electrons)

Question 18

lewis structures show…

Answer 18

• which atoms are bonded
  -lone pairs
  -formal charges

Question 19

when the atom is neutral, how many bonds do C, N, O and H form?

Answer 19

C-4
N-3
O-2
H-1

Question 20

carbocation has a

Answer 20

positively charged carbon

Question 21

carboanion has a

Answer 21

negatively charged carbon

Question 22

sigma bonds

Answer 22

single bonds in organic compounds

Question 23

pi bonds

Answer 23

side to side overlap of parallel p orbitals

Question 24

bond strength is measured by

Answer 24

bond dissociation energy

Question 25

a ___ bond is stronger than a __ bond

Answer 25

sigma, pi

Question 26

how does carbon form four bonds?

Answer 26

it promotes an electron from an s orbital to an empty p orbital

Question 27

__, __, __ ad halogens form bonds using …

Answer 27

C, N, O; hybrid orbitals

Question 28

no pi bonds =

Answer 28

sp3 hybridized

Question 29

one pi bond =

Answer 29

sp2 hybridized

Question 30

two pi bonds =

Answer 30

sp hybridized

Question 31

a double bond consists of

Answer 31

one sigma bond and one pi bond

Question 32

a triple bond consists of

Answer 32

one sigma bond and two pi bonds

Question 33

the greater the electron density in the region of orbital overlap…

Answer 33

the stronger and shorter the bond

Question 34

shorter bond =

Answer 34

stronger bond