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Biology CH 1 > Ch-1-sg > Flashcards

Ch-1-sg Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

biology definition

A

the study of life

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2
Q

structural hierarchy order (simple to complex)

A

atom,molecule,organelle,cell, tissue,organ, organism

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3
Q

how can the properties of life emerge from complex organization

A

through the concept of “emergent properties,” where new characteristics arise when individual components interact within a system, creating abilities that are not present in the individual parts alone

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4
Q

order definition

A

highly organized structure that has one or more cells

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5
Q

reproduction definition

A

duplicating DNA then dividing it equally

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6
Q

growth and development definition

A

genes provide instructions to direct cellular growth and development

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7
Q

response to environment definition

A

how organisms adjust to changes in their environment, or how a group or community reacts to environmental issues

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8
Q

energy utilization (metabolism) definition

A

the process by which living organisms convert nutrients from food into usable energy

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9
Q

homeostasis definition

A

ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions

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10
Q

evolutionary adaption definition

A

as the environment changes, the characteristics of individuals in a population tracks the changes

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11
Q

Reductionism definition

A

idea that complex issues can be broken down into parts
understood in simple terms

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12
Q

holism definition

A

idea that systems should be viewed as a whole

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13
Q

cell theory (tenets - beliefs)

A

States living organisms are made of cells which are the basic
units of structure function in organisms

*all cells only come from other cells

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14
Q

Prine of biogenesis

A

new living organisms
can only emerge from pre existing organisms for reproduction

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15
Q

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria archaea) characteristics

A

DNA is circular naked
No nucleus
Not membrane bound
has binary fission
Single chromosome haploid

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16
Q

Eukaryotic cells (eukarya) kingdoms + traits of each

A

Kingdoms: plantae - photosynthesis , fungi-absorb nutrients, animalia-digest

*all are multicellular

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17
Q

Eukaryotic cells (eukarya) characteristics

A

DNA bound to protein
Has nucleus also a kingdom
Membrane bound
Mitosis and meosis
Chromosomes pair diploid

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18
Q

proist definition

A

single celled amoebas microscopic organisms

*also a kingdom

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19
Q

DNA definition

A

Structure of DNA is 2 polynucleotide double helix
Held together by 4 molecular building blocks (AGCT)
Info flows through gens w molecules of DNA

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20
Q

Form fits function

A

When an organisms structure is
designed to perform particular function
ex: corals cant move but tentacles allow coral to capture food

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21
Q

species definition

A

group of organisms that are genetically related

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22
Q

population definition

A

group of organisms of the same species that
live in the same area

23
Q

community definition

A

group of populations of different species that live in the same area

24
Q

ecosystem definition and ex

A

community of living organisms and the non living
aspects of their environment

ex : water and air

25
Q

Biome definition

A

large ecological area with unsimilar climate conditions +
organisms are adapted to those conditions

26
Q

Biosphere definition

A

combinations of all ecosystems on earth

27
Q

nutrient cycling

A

movement of nutrients between living
organisms and nonliving materials
producers ->consumers ->producers

28
Q

Energy flow

A

flow of energy from sun to producers
to consumers It is unidirectional and noncyclic

29
Q

How does regulatory mechanisms control reaction?

A

by helping maintain a stable internal environment

30
Q

evolution

A

process where genetic material of
population changes over time (results from environment)

31
Q

science def

A

set of logical empirical methods
which provide for the systematic observation of empirical
Phenomena in order to understand them

32
Q

scientific method steps

A

observation ,question, hypothesis,prediction,test

33
Q

inductive reasoning

A

Starts w/ observation seeks
patterns which are then used to develop theories

34
Q

deductive reasoning

A

Starts w/ theory and uses it to develop
hypothesis which are then tested w/ data

35
Q

Empirical Evidence

A

Info gathered through observation
documentation or experiments

36
Q

scientific hypothesis

A

Info gathered through observation
documentation or experiments

37
Q

scientific theory

A

well supported explanation that
has been tested repeatedly

38
Q

What are the 10 themes of life?

A
  1. Emergent Properties
  2. The Cell
  3. Hertitable Information
  4. Structure/Function
  5. Interaction with the Environment
  6. Regulation
  7. Unity and Diversity
  8. Evolution
  9. Scientific inquiry
  10. Science, Technology, and Society
39
Q

emergent properties

A

each hierarchical level has new properties
that build on previous ones

40
Q

the cell

A

basic unit of structure and function prok. and euak.

41
Q

heritable info

A

continuity of life depends on hierarchical traits

42
Q

structure and function

A

correlated all levels of organization

43
Q

Interaction w/ the environment

A

organisms exchange materials w/ surroundings (living and nonliving things)

44
Q

Regulation

A

organisms are homeostatic maintain steady
internal factors

45
Q

unity and diversity

A

life has 3 domains Bacteria ,Archaea, and Eukarya. the more 2 species are related the more
traits they share

46
Q

scientific inquiry

A

includes observation based discovery testing
of explanations

47
Q

science, tech, and society

A

much technology is a goal oriented
application of science

47
Q

Caul linnaeus (taxonomy) created a system and classify name
organisms

how did this influence darwin?

A

provided a structured way to organize and compare species;
helped seeing the relationship b/t them

47
Q

How are science and technology interdependent

A

Scientific discoveries lead to new tech
new tech allows for new scientific observations

48
Q

James Hutton (gradualism) suggest earths landscapes were
shaped slowly over long periods

how did this influence darwin?

A

helped him understand changes in nature happen gradually
supporting theory abt evolution

49
Q

Cuvier (paleontology/ catastrophism) studied fossils and
proposed species went extinct due to sudden events

how did this influence darwin?

A

made darwin think abt extinction how species might change
disappear overtime

49
Q

Lyell (uniformitarianism) argued earths geological
processes are consistent overtime and operate at the same rate today

how did this influence darwin?

A

Earth’s features are shaped by ongoing processes gradual
evolution process

50
Q

Malthus (population dynamics) population grows faster than
resources leading to competition for survival

how did this influence darwin?

A

Introduced concept of “struggle” for existence equal natural selection

51
Q

Lamarck (acquired characteristics) proposed traits acquired
during an organisms life can be passed to offspring

how did this influence darwin?

A

This idea was disproved but it made Darwin develop his
own theory of natural selection which explained
evolution differently

Biology CH 1 (1 decks)

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