Ch-1-sg

Question 1

biology definition

Answer 1

the study of life

Question 2

structural hierarchy order (simple to complex)

Answer 2

atom,molecule,organelle,cell, tissue,organ, organism

Question 3

how can the properties of life emerge from complex organization

Answer 3

through the concept of “emergent properties,” where new characteristics arise when individual components interact within a system, creating abilities that are not present in the individual parts alone

Question 4

order definition

Answer 4

highly organized structure that has one or more cells

Question 5

reproduction definition

Answer 5

duplicating DNA then dividing it equally

Question 6

growth and development definition

Answer 6

genes provide instructions to direct cellular growth and development

Question 7

response to environment definition

Answer 7

how organisms adjust to changes in their environment, or how a group or community reacts to environmental issues

Question 8

energy utilization (metabolism) definition

Answer 8

the process by which living organisms convert nutrients from food into usable energy

Question 9

homeostasis definition

Answer 9

ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions

Question 10

evolutionary adaption definition

Answer 10

as the environment changes, the characteristics of individuals in a population tracks the changes

Question 11

Reductionism definition

Answer 11

idea that complex issues can be broken down into parts
understood in simple terms

Question 12

holism definition

Answer 12

idea that systems should be viewed as a whole

Question 13

cell theory (tenets - beliefs)

Answer 13

States living organisms are made of cells which are the basic
units of structure function in organisms

*all cells only come from other cells

Question 14

Prine of biogenesis

Answer 14

new living organisms
can only emerge from pre existing organisms for reproduction

Question 15

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria archaea) characteristics

Answer 15

DNA is circular naked
No nucleus
Not membrane bound
has binary fission
Single chromosome haploid

Question 16

Eukaryotic cells (eukarya) kingdoms + traits of each

Answer 16

Kingdoms: plantae - photosynthesis , fungi-absorb nutrients, animalia-digest

*all are multicellular

Question 17

Eukaryotic cells (eukarya) characteristics

Answer 17

DNA bound to protein
Has nucleus also a kingdom
Membrane bound
Mitosis and meosis
Chromosomes pair diploid

Question 18

proist definition

Answer 18

single celled amoebas microscopic organisms

*also a kingdom

Question 19

DNA definition

Answer 19

Structure of DNA is 2 polynucleotide double helix
Held together by 4 molecular building blocks (AGCT)
Info flows through gens w molecules of DNA

Question 20

Form fits function

Answer 20

When an organisms structure is
designed to perform particular function
ex: corals cant move but tentacles allow coral to capture food

Question 21

species definition

Answer 21

group of organisms that are genetically related

Question 22

population definition

Answer 22

group of organisms of the same species that
live in the same area

Question 23

community definition

Answer 23

group of populations of different species that live in the same area

Question 24

ecosystem definition and ex

Answer 24

community of living organisms and the non living
aspects of their environment

ex : water and air

Question 25

Biome definition

Answer 25

large ecological area with unsimilar climate conditions + organisms are adapted to those conditions

Question 26

Biosphere definition

Answer 26

combinations of all ecosystems on earth

Question 27

nutrient cycling

Answer 27

movement of nutrients between living organisms and nonliving materials producers ->consumers ->producers

Question 28

Energy flow

Answer 28

flow of energy from sun to producers to consumers It is unidirectional and noncyclic

Question 29

How does regulatory mechanisms control reaction?

Answer 29

by helping maintain a stable internal environment

Question 30

evolution

Answer 30

process where genetic material of population changes over time (results from environment)

Question 31

science def

Answer 31

set of logical empirical methods which provide for the systematic observation of empirical Phenomena in order to understand them

Question 32

scientific method steps

Answer 32

observation ,question, hypothesis,prediction,test

Question 33

inductive reasoning

Answer 33

Starts w/ observation seeks patterns which are then used to develop theories

Question 34

deductive reasoning

Answer 34

Starts w/ theory and uses it to develop hypothesis which are then tested w/ data

Question 35

Empirical Evidence

Answer 35

Info gathered through observation documentation or experiments

Question 36

scientific hypothesis

Answer 36

Info gathered through observation documentation or experiments

Question 37

scientific theory

Answer 37

well supported explanation that has been tested repeatedly

Question 38

What are the 10 themes of life?

Answer 38

1. Emergent Properties 2. The Cell 3. Hertitable Information 4. Structure/Function 5. Interaction with the Environment 6. Regulation 7. Unity and Diversity 8. Evolution 9. Scientific inquiry 10. Science, Technology, and Society

Question 39

emergent properties

Answer 39

each hierarchical level has new properties that build on previous ones

Question 40

the cell

Answer 40

basic unit of structure and function prok. and euak.

Question 41

heritable info

Answer 41

continuity of life depends on hierarchical traits

Question 42

structure and function

Answer 42

correlated all levels of organization

Question 43

Interaction w/ the environment

Answer 43

organisms exchange materials w/ surroundings (living and nonliving things)

Question 44

Regulation

Answer 44

organisms are homeostatic maintain steady internal factors

Question 45

unity and diversity

Answer 45

life has 3 domains Bacteria ,Archaea, and Eukarya. the more 2 species are related the more traits they share

Question 46

scientific inquiry

Answer 46

includes observation based discovery testing of explanations

Question 47

science, tech, and society

Answer 47

much technology is a goal oriented application of science

Question 47

Caul linnaeus (taxonomy) created a system and classify name organisms | how did this influence darwin?

Answer 47

provided a structured way to organize and compare species; helped seeing the relationship b/t them

Question 47

How are science and technology interdependent

Answer 47

Scientific discoveries lead to new tech new tech allows for new scientific observations

Question 48

James Hutton (gradualism) suggest earths landscapes were shaped slowly over long periods | how did this influence darwin?

Answer 48

helped him understand changes in nature happen gradually supporting theory abt evolution

Question 49

Cuvier (paleontology/ catastrophism) studied fossils and proposed species went extinct due to sudden events | how did this influence darwin?

Answer 49

made darwin think abt extinction how species might change disappear overtime

Question 49

Lyell (uniformitarianism) argued earths geological processes are consistent overtime and operate at the same rate today | how did this influence darwin?

Answer 49

Earth's features are shaped by ongoing processes gradual evolution process

Question 50

Malthus (population dynamics) population grows faster than resources leading to competition for survival | how did this influence darwin?

Answer 50

Introduced concept of "struggle" for existence equal natural selection

Question 51

Lamarck (acquired characteristics) proposed traits acquired during an organisms life can be passed to offspring | how did this influence darwin?

Answer 51

This idea was disproved but it made Darwin develop his own theory of natural selection which explained evolution differently