Ch. 1 Section 1 Flashcards
human development
way people grow and change across the life span; includes people’s biological, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning
culture
total pattern of a group’s customs, beliefs, art, and technology
globalization
increasing connections between different parts of the world in trade, travel, migration, and communication
total fertility rate (TFR)
in a population, the number of births per woman
developed countries
world’s most economically developed and affluent countries, with the highest median levels of income and education
developing countries
countires that have lower levels of income and education than developed countires but are experiencing rapid economic growth
individualistic
cultural values such as independence and self-expression
collectivistic
cultural values such as obedience and group harmony
traditional culture
in developing countries, a rural culture that adheres more closely to cultural traditions than people in urban areas do
caste system
in Hindu culture of India, an inherited social hierarchy, determined by birth
majority culture
within a country, the cultural group that sets most of the norms and standards and holds most of the positions of political, economic, intellectual, and media power
contexts
settings and circumstances that contribute to variations in pathways of human development, including SES, gender, and ethnicity as well as family, school, community, media, and culture
socioeconomic status (SES)
person’s social class, including educational level, income level, and occupation status
ethnicity
group identity that may include components such as cultural origin, cultural traditions, race, religion, and language
natural selection
evolutionary process in which the offspring best adapted to their environment survive to produce offspring of their own
hominid
evolutionary line that led to modern humans
hunter-gatherer
social and economic system in which economic life is based on hunting (mostly by males) and gathering edible plants (mostly by females)
homo sapiens
species of modern humans
civilization
form of human social life, beginning about 5,000 years ago, that includes cities, writing, occupational specialization, and states
state
centralized political system that is an essential feature of a civilization
evolutionary psychology
branch of psychology that examines how patterns of human functioning and behavior have resulted from adaptation to evolutionary conditions
