Ch 1 Scientific Perspectives on Substance Use Disorder and Recovery Flashcards
What is addiction according to NIDA?
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite adverse consequences. It is considered a brain disorder due to functional changes in brain circuits involved in reward, stress, and self-control.
What does ASAM define addiction as?
Addiction is a treatable chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individual’s life experiences.
What are protective factors?
Characteristics associated with a lower likelihood of adverse outcomes.
What are risk factors?
Adverse life events that are associated with substance use.
What is the role of the basal ganglia?
Keeps body movements smooth and coordinated, learning routine behaviors, and is a key node of the brain reward circuit.
What is the function of the nucleus accumbens?
Involved in motivation and the experience of reward.
What does the dorsal striatum do?
Responsible for forming habits and routine behavior.
What does the extended amygdala regulate?
Reactions to stress-inducing behavioral responses and negative emotions like unease, anxiety, and irritability.
What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?
Executive functioning, organizing thoughts and activities, prioritizing tasks, managing time, making decisions, and regulating actions, emotions, and impulses.
What is dopamine’s role in addiction?
More related to reinforcing pleasurable activities rather than producing pleasure directly.
What is the continuum of substance use?
Ranges from no use/beneficial/medical use to substance use disorder, which involves the need to use despite harmful consequences.
What is impulsivity?
Acting without foresight or regard for consequences.
What is positive reinforcement?
The process by which the presentation of a stimulus increases the probability of a response.
What is negative reinforcement?
The process by which the removal of a stimulus increases the likelihood of a reaction.
What is tolerance?
Reduced response to a substance due to repeated use, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effects.
What is cross tolerance?
Tolerance to one substance resulting in diminished response to another due to similar pharmacological effects.
What is physical dependence?
The body’s natural reaction when certain substances are used for an extended period.
What is craving?
An intense and often overwhelming desire to engage in a particular behavior or consume a substance.
What is compulsivity?
Repetitive behaviors in the face of adverse consequences.
What is withdrawal?
Physical, cognitive, and affective symptoms that occur after abrupt cessation of a substance.
What are neuroadaptations?
Progressive changes in the structure/function of the brain during substance use.
What is relapse?
The recurrence of substance use after a period of abstinence.
What is the Controlled Substance Act?
A legal framework for regulating the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain drugs.
What are Schedule I substances?
High potential for problematic use, no accepted medical use in treatment in the US, e.g., heroin, LSD, marijuana.
What are Schedule II substances?
High potential for problematic use, may lead to severe dependence, e.g., morphine, cocaine, fentanyl.
What are Schedule III substances?
Moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence, e.g., steroids, codeine.
What are Schedule IV substances?
Low potential for problematic use, accepted medical use, e.g., alprazolam, diazepam.
What are Schedule V substances?
Low potential for problematic use, accepted medical use, e.g., cough medicines with codeine.
What is recovery?
Acceptance of illness, having hope about the future, and finding a renewed sense of self.
What is clinical recovery?
Symptom remission or abstinence.
What is functional recovery?
Coping with daily demands and getting a job.
What is personal recovery?
Improvements in well-being and life satisfaction.
What is social recovery?
Developing strong and supportive social networks.
What are the four major dimensions that support life in recovery?
Health, Home, Purpose, Community.
What are recovery-oriented systems of care?
Focus on the individual, emphasize wellness, and utilize strengths and resources to enhance overall functioning.
What is natural recovery?
Achieving recovery from problematic substance use through self-management.
What are the stages of change?
A framework that helps counselors tailor strategies to clients in different stages.
What is the precontemplation stage?
Not considering change and not intent to change in the foreseeable future.
What is the contemplation stage?
Aware of the problem, ambivalent, and may remain at this stage for years.
What is the preparation stage?
Confronting the problem directly and actively seeking solutions.
What is the action stage?
Choosing a strategy for change and beginning to pursue it.
What is the maintenance stage?
Efforts to sustain gains made through the action stage and prevent recurrence.
