Ch-1: Product Preparation

Question 1

Aseptic

Answer 1

Freedom from pathogenic bacteria, pyrogens & other micro organisms

Question 2

Aseptic Technique

Answer 2

Procedure used to prevent and minimize contamination by micro organisms when preparing sterile products

Question 3

Pyrogen

Answer 3

Bi-product of micro organisms, which is dead but still causes fever

Question 4

Routes of administration

Answer 4

1. Parenteral
2. Ophthalmics/otis
3. Topicals

Question 5

Parenteral

Answer 5

1. Meds given by injection
2. Rapid onset of action
3. Types:
   a) Subcutaneous (S.C)
   b) Intramuscular (I.M)
   c) Intravenous (I.V)
   d) Intrathecal (I.T)
   e) Intradermal
   f) Intraocular
   g) Intracardiac

Question 6

Subcutaneous (S.C) injection

Answer 6

injection beneath the skin
eg. Insulin

Question 7

Intramuscular (I.M) injection

Answer 7

injection into the muscle
eg. vitamins or something oily

Question 8

Intravenous (I.V) injection

Answer 8

injection into a vein

Question 9

Intrathecal (I.T) injection

Answer 9

injection into the spinal fluid
(before pregnancy)

Question 10

Intraocular injection

Answer 10

injection into the eye

Question 11

Intracardiac injection

Answer 11

injection into the heart

Question 12

Ophthalmics sterility

Answer 12

prepared aseptically and are sterile

Question 13

Otis sterility

Answer 13

can be prepared as a sterile product but is not necessary
the ear has better defense system to combat micro organisms

Question 14

Sterile topicals

Answer 14

prepared for burn victims or surgical patients

Question 15

Types of contaminants

Answer 15

1. Particulate matter
2. Microbes & pyrogens

Question 16

Particulate matter contamination: particles

Answer 16

glass, plastic, hair, lint, fibers, rubber, metal, & undissolved drug

Question 17

Particulate matter contamination: sources

Answer 17

1. often introduced during compounding
2. needle coring, breaking glass ampoules
3. reconstitution of sterile powders
4. incompatibilities when drugs are mixed together

Question 18

Particulate matter contamination: side effects

Answer 18

large particles could cause an embolism in lung or brain

Question 19

Microbial contamination

Answer 19

1. Microorganisms- bacteria, fungi, virus
2. the major source of infection for the patient receiving compounded sterile products

Question 20

Microbiology

Answer 20

study of life forms that cannot be seen without the aid of a microscope

Question 21

Pathogens

Answer 21

microorganisms that cause disease & represent approximately 3% of known microorganisms