Ch 1: Organisation of the human nervous system

Question 1

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 1

The outer layer of the adrenal gland; it releases hormones that regulate energy, metabolism, mineral balance, and reproductive behavior.

Question 2

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 2

The core of the adrenal gland; it is activated by the SNS, and secretes hormones (e.g. adrenaline) whose effects are similar to those of the SNS.

Question 3

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 3

The division of the peripheral nervous system that participates in the regulation of the body’s internal environment; it conducts sensory signals to the CNS from receptors in internal organs, and motor signals from the CNS back to the same internal organs.

Question 4

Brain

Answer 4

The part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull.

Question 5

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 5

The part of the vertebrate nervous system that is located within the skull and spine.

Question 6

Cervical region

Answer 6

The section of the spine that provides the flexible framework for the neck or cervix.

Question 7

Dorsal roots

Answer 7

The 31 pairs of sensory (afferent) nerves that enter the spinal cord on its dorsal (back) surface).

Question 8

Gonads

Answer 8

The sex glands (ovaries, testes); release hormones that influence both the development of reproductive systems and reproductive behavior in adults.

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

The brain structure from which the pituitary gland is suspended. It secretes release hormones which stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete its tropic hormones.

Question 10

Lumbar region

Answer 10

The spinal region that supports the small of the back.

Question 11

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

One of the two motor divisions of the autonomic nervous system; it tends to conserve energy during periods of quiescence (“rest and digest”); parasympathetic nerves project from the brain and from the sacral region of the spinal cord.

Question 12

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 12

The part of the nervous system that is located outside of the skull and spinal cord.

Question 13

Pituitary gland

Answer 13

The endocrine gland that hangs from the hypothalamus; it secretes tropic hormones and is therefore often called the master gland.

Question 14

Sacral region

Answer 14

The part of the spine from which the bones of the pelvis are attached.

Question 15

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 15

The part of the peripheral nervous system that interacts with the external environment; it conducts sensory signals to the CNS from external receptors and receptors in skeletal muscles and joints, and it conducts motor signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

Question 16

Spinal cord

Answer 16

The part of the CNS that is located in the spine.

Question 17

Spinal gray matter

Answer 17

The H-shaped area of gray nervous tissue in the core of the spinal cord.

Question 18

Spinal white matter

Answer 18

The area of white nervous tissue surrounding the spinal gray matter in the spinal cord.

Question 19

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

One of the two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system; it tends to mobilize energy resources during periods of threat (“fight or flight”); sympathetic nerves project from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Question 20

Thoracic region

Answer 20

The section of the spine to which the ribs are attached.

Question 21

Ventral roots

Answer 21

The 31 pairs of motor (efferent) nerves that exit from the ventral (front) side of the spinal cord.

Question 22

The outer layer of the adrenal gland; it releases hormones that regulate energy, metabolism, mineral balance, and reproductive behavior.

Answer 22

Adrenal Cortex

Question 23

The core of the adrenal gland; it is activated by the SNS, and secretes hormones (e.g. adrenaline) whose effects are similar to those of the SNS.

Answer 23

Adrenal Medulla

Question 24

The division of the peripheral nervous system that participates in the regulation of the body’s internal environment; it conducts sensory signals to the CNS from receptors in internal organs, and motor signals from the CNS back to the same internal organs.

Answer 24

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 25

The part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull.

Answer 25

Brain

Question 26

The part of the vertebrate nervous system that is located within the skull and spine.

Answer 26

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 27

The section of the spine that provides the flexible framework for the neck or cervix.

Answer 27

Cervical region

Question 28

The 31 pairs of sensory (afferent) nerves that enter the spinal cord on its dorsal (back) surface).

Answer 28

Dorsal roots

Question 29

The sex glands (ovaries, testes); release hormones that influence both the development of reproductive systems and reproductive behavior in adults.

Answer 29

Gonads

Question 30

The brain structure from which the pituitary gland is suspended. It secretes release hormones which stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete its tropic hormones.

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

The spinal region that supports the small of the back.

Answer 31

Lumbar region

Question 32

One of the two motor divisions of the autonomic nervous system; it tends to conserve energy during periods of quiescence (“rest and digest”); parasympathetic nerves project from the brain and from the sacral region of the spinal cord.

Answer 32

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 33

The part of the nervous system that is located outside of the skull and spinal cord.

Answer 33

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 34

The endocrine gland that hangs from the hypothalamus; it secretes tropic hormones and is therefore often called the master gland.

Answer 34

Pituitary gland

Question 35

The part of the spine from which the bones of the pelvis are attached.

Answer 35

Sacral region

Question 36

The part of the peripheral nervous system that interacts with the external environment; it conducts sensory signals to the CNS from external receptors and receptors in skeletal muscles and joints, and it conducts motor signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

Answer 36

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Question 37

The part of the CNS that is located in the spine.

Answer 37

Spinal cord

Question 38

The H-shaped area of gray nervous tissue in the core of the spinal cord.

Answer 38

Spinal gray matter

Question 39

The area of white nervous tissue surrounding the spinal gray matter in the spinal cord.

Answer 39

Spinal white matter

Question 40

One of the two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system; it tends to mobilize energy resources during periods of threat (“fight or flight”); sympathetic nerves project from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Answer 40

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 41

The section of the spine to which the ribs are attached.

Answer 41

Thoracic region

Question 42

The 31 pairs of motor (efferent) nerves that exit from the ventral (front) side of the spinal cord.

Answer 42

Ventral roots