Ch 1: Learning Is Misunderstood Flashcards
Learning
Acquiring knowledge and skills to retrieve them from memory when needed to make sense of future challenges and problems.
Three aspects of learning
- Learning requires memory
- Learning is an ongoing process
- Learning is made up of actions that are counterintuitive
Learning strategies
- Make it effortful
- Apply retrieval practice
- Attempt to solve a problem without being given the solution
- Interleave topics being practiced
- Put space between practice sessions
- Extract the underlying principles between and among concepts
- Put new knowledge into larger context
Prior knowledge
Basis of learning
Elaboration
Process of giving new material meaning by expressing it in your own words and connecting it with what you already know
Steps to master complex material
- Extract the underlying principles
- Organize those principles into a mental model
- Attach the mental model to a concept that you already know
Example: baseball batter waiting for a pitch
Impact of learning
Every time you learn something:
- your brain changes
- the residue of the experience remains
Strong learning
- Material is relevant
- Make abstract concrete
- Make material personal
Illusion of Knowing
familiarity with content such as rereading text gives the reader the false impression that he/she understands the content on a deep level, which is not true
Don Rumsfeld’s three types of knowledge
- Known knowns
- Known unknowns
- Unknown unknowns
Four parts of Mastery
- Accumulation of knowledge
- Conceptual understanding
- Judgement
- Skill
Benefits of retrieval practice
- Separates what you know from what you don’t know
2. Retrieval reconsolidates memory, which strengthens the connections to what you already know to recall in the future
